Animals KINGDOM ANIMALIA

What are Animals? Body symmetry Radial Symmetry: Bilateral Symmetry: Animals are: heterotrophic (Can’t make food) Eukaryotic (nucleus) multicellular (Many cells) lack cell walls. Invertebrates (do not have backbone)=90% EX: flatworms, insects vertebrates (have a backbone)=10% Ex:snakes, birds, humans Body symmetry Asymmetrical: no symmetry Radial Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using many planes Bilateral Symmetry: Can be divided into equal halves using only one plane

1. Feeding: Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Detritivore Parasite Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water

Gastrovascular cavity True Digestive tract digests and distributes nutrients and particles to all parts of the body. Usually only one opening. True Digestive tract Contain digestive organs with a mouth and anus

2. Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

3. Circulation: Very small animals rely on diffusion Larger animals have circulatory system which include vessels

3. Circulation: Open circulatory system Closed Circulatory System pump blood into a hemocoel with the blood diffusing back to the circulatory system between cells. Closed Circulatory System Closed circulatory systems have the blood closed at all times.

4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia, liquid waste filtered by the kidneys

5. Response: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Cephalization - an evolutionary trend, where nervous tissue, becomes concentrated toward the head portion of an organism

6. Movement: Most animals are motile (can move) Muscles usually work with a skeleton Sessile: Cannot move

Inside body Endoskeleton Exoskeleton Support structure Outside body

7. Reproduction: Most vertebrates reproduce sexually= two parents needed for offspring.(UNIQUE, Meiosis) Most reproduce asexually:) offspring from 1 parent (IDENTICAL, Mitosis) Ex: Fission, budding, fragmentation

Other characteristics… Coelomate - a fluid filled body cavity. Acoelomate- lacks a fluid filled body cavity

Endotherm- animal that generates heat to maintain its body temp. Birds and mammals Ectotherm animal whose body temp varies with the temp of its surroundings All animals except birds and mammals

Body Symmetry

Body plan: Asymmetrical Respiration, Circulation, & Excretion Rely on movement of water through body to carry out body function. Movement Larva are motile Adults are sessile Reproduction Sexually and asexually Digestion Choanocytes engulf food as water is pumped through the sponge body cavity. Filter Feeders!

Porifera Sponges

corals jellyfish Cnidarians Sea anemone hydra Sea pens

Cnidarians Body plan - Radial Symmetry; Medusa and Polyp Circulation – Use diffusion as their means of circulating materials through their bodies Respiration and excretion - carried on by individual cells that obtain their oxygen directly from water Movement – Use a hydrostatic skeleton to contract muscles. Reproduction- Sexual: external fertilization, Asexual: budding by polyps. Digestion - Carnivores that digest food in gastrovascular cavity. Response- (write at bottom of paper) Cnidocytes: stinging cells; Nematocyst: poison filled darts.

Cnidarian link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VtAheq0JW7g&list=PLC92346F8528ED029

Platyhelminthes planarian Flatworms tapeworm Marine flatworms

Platyhelminthes - FLATWORMS Body plan: bilateral symmetry with body cavity Respiration, circulation, excretion – diffusion; use flame cells to remove WASTE from body. Movement – use cilia and muscle cells Reproduction – Sexually: hermaphrodites Asexually: Fission – split in half and grow missing parts Digestion – gastrovascualr cavity Response- (write at bottom of paper) ganglia: group of nerves

Flatworm fencing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wn3xluIRh1Y

Nematoda - ROUNDWORMS Body plan – bilateral symmetry, contain coelom Respiration, Circulation and Excretion - diffusion through skin Movement – muscles extend length of body Reproduction – sexual: internal fertilization Digestion – Digestive tract with mouth and anus Response - (write at bottom of paper) ganglia: group of nerves

Trichinosis-causing worms Filarial worms (Elephantitis) Ascarid worms Hookworms

Annelida Body plan – Bilateral symmetry, Respiration- some have gills; segmented bodies with coelom Respiration- some have gills; others diffuse oxygen through skin Excretion – digestive waste through anus; other waste filtered through nephridia. Circulation – Closed circulatory system Movement – longitudinal and circular muscles Reproduction – Sexually; both male and female with some hermaphrodites. Digestion - True digestive tract with mouth, anus and digestive organs Response –(write at bottom of paper) brain or cerebral ganglion that usually resides in the head

Annelida Sandworms Bloodworms

Annelida Leeches earthworms

Groups of Mollusk Gastropods – snails & Slugs Shell-less or single shelled mollusk that move using a foot located on the ventral side.

Groups of Mollusk Bivalves- clams & mussels Have 2 shells that are held together by powerful muscles

Groups of Mollusk Cephalopods- octopus, squid, nautilus Mollusk where the head is attached to a single foot. The foot is divided into tentacles

Mollusca Body plan – Respiration – aquatic: gills; bilateral: clams, snails, & slugs AND radial: octopus & squid soft bodied with internal or external shell Respiration – aquatic: gills; land: diffusion through mantle cavity Circulation – Slow moving: open circulatory system; fast moving: closed circulatory system Excretion – through nephridia Movement – snails: secrete mucus; octopus, nautilus, squid: jet propulsion Reproduction – sexual -- snails & bivalves external fertilization; some are hermaphrodite: internal fertilization Digestion – True digestive tract: herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, parasites. Response – Cephalization: octopus and squid (write at bottom of paper)

Octopus opens jar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kuAiuXezIU

Arthropods Body plan – Bilateral with segmented bodies Respiration – gills, lungs, tracheal tubes Circulation- Open circulatory system Excretion Malpighian tubules: saclike organs that extract wastes from the blood and add them to the digestive system. Movement- Muscles, jointed appendages, exoskeleton Reproduction internal or external fertilization; some species undergo metamorphosis Digestion – Complex organ systems; herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, parasites, and filter feeders Response- Brains with well developed nervous system (write at bottom of paper)

Crustaceans – crabs, lobster, shrimp Have two pairs of antennae 2 – 3 body sections Chewing mouth parts called mandibles

Insects – beetles, cricket, centipede Have jaws One pair of antennae

Arachnids – Spiders, ticks, scorpions Two body sections Most have 4 walking legs

Echinoderms Body plan – radial with coelom Respiration Circulation use simple gills and tube Circulation network of fluid-filled canals that function called a water vascular system Excretion - no kidneys use diffusion to rid their bodies of nitrogenous waste solid waste through anus Movement – endoskeleton Tube feet which acts as a suction force Reproduction – Sexual: external fertilization Digestion Tube feet grab food, push stomach out, secrete enzymes to digest food, and reabsorb food through mouth Response do not have brains they have nerves running from the mouth into each arm or along the body (write at bottom of paper)

Echinodermata brittle stars Sea stars sea cucumbers Sand dollars sea lilies sea urchins

Chordata Body plan – bilateral Respiration – lungs, gills With pharyngeal gill slits, tail, notochord, and dorsal hollow nerve cord. Respiration – lungs, gills Circulation – closed circulatory system Excretion filter waste through kidneys and excrete solid waste through anus Movement endoskeleton with many muscular connections Reproduction – Sexual Digestion – True digestive tract Nervous cephalization – brain with nervous tissue

Sand Lance Tunicates

Amphibians Fish Birds Reptiles

Mammals!