American Literature Tousignaut ENCOUNTERS AND FOUNDATIONS TO 1800

 Example: TERMS IN YOUR NOTES Term autobiography apostrophe Initial Definition written about the author Punctuation at the end of sentence Learned Definition A figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or a personified object, quality, or idea. Synecdoche When one piece stands for the whole (all hands on deck)

 Myth  Cultural Details  Origin Myth  Archetype  Oral Tradition  Exploration Narrative  Sermon  Autobiography  Puritan Plain Style  Diction  Chronological Order  Apostrophe  Inversion  Allusion  Rationalism  Slave Narrative  Deism  Charged Words  Aphorism  Ornate Style  Rhetorical Devices  Persuasion  Figure of Speech LIST OF TERMS

 Myth  Cultural Details  Origin Myth  Archetype  Oral Tradition  Exploration Narrative  Sermon  Autobiography  Puritan Plain Style  Diction  Chronological Order  Apostrophe  Inversion  Allusion  Rationalism  Slave Narrative  Deism  Charged Words  Aphorism  Ornate Style  Rhetorical Devices  Persuasion  Figure of Speech LIST OF TERMS (NA FOCUS)

Myth: Stories, usually connected with religious rituals, explaining the world the people live in and their traditions. They give a sense of cultural identity. Passed down by word of mouth (see oral tradition). Example:NA have Sky Tree etc. Today we have urban legends. Archetypes:An old imaginative pattern that appears across cultures and is repeated across cultural and national boundaries. Example:Plot—boy meets girl; characters—damsel in distress; or image/place—fountain of youth. Oral Tradition:Stories passed down by word of mouth. They depend on dynamic speaker not only for delivery but also might alter with each telling. Example: Think of how a story changes after you tell it a few times. NATIVE AMERICAN TERMS

Cultural Details/Characteristics: References to objects, animals, or practices that reflect aspects of daily life or prevalent attitudes Example: We can learn about the Greek culture by reading the Odyssey Origin Myth: Stories or myths explaining how life began, customs, traditions, religious rites, natural landmarks, and events beyond people’s control Exploration Narrative: First hand accounts of travels. NATIVE AMERICAN TERMS (CONTINUED)

 Native American Literature was entirely oral  N.A. originally viewed mainly as folklore  The telling of the tale may change with each speaker  The language is poetic and moving  N.A. produced a diverse body of literature  Shows a deep respect for nature  Celebrates the wonders of the natural world  Stress the cyclical nature of existence  Shows interconnectedness with the spirit world CHARACTERISTICS OF N.A. LIT.

 Native American Myths indirectly teach the values, ideals, and customs of a particular culture WHY NATIVE AMERICAN MYTHS?

 Song lyrics  Hero Tales  Migration legends  Creation Accounts TYPES OF NATIVE AMERICAN LITERATURE

 Creation  Natural phenomena  Origins of humans  Customs  Events beyond control  Institutions of religious rites of people WHAT ARE MYTHS ABOUT?

 Explain how life began on earth and traditional stories passed down from generation to generation.  They explain phenomena such as customs, religious rites, natural landmarks such as a great mountain or events beyond control ORIGIN MYTHS

 Captures a groups ideals  Stories, poems and songs convey a people’s values, concerns, and history by word of mouth ORAL TRADITIONS

 While reading, notice references to objects, animals, or practices that show how the people of a culture live, think, or worship. CULTURAL DETAILS

1.Title of Myth: 2.Why was this myth told/written (purpose)? 3.What does the myth explain? 4.List and explain three symbols/archetypes used in the myth. A B C 5.List three cultural details/characteristics that you can infer from the myth about the people who made it? A B C EVALUATE: NATIVE AMERICAN MYTH

 Create your own mythical accounts of creation. Use details from the regions in which they were born and from their ancestral heritage to create a story (myth). Students should include the use of several narrative techniques, including dialogue and sensory details, to further the development of your stories.  Address at least two of the following ideas:  The creation of the universe (something from nothing)  The existence of evils and death  The creation of men/women and their companions  The relationship between man and his/her creator  The life cycle  Myth needs to be roughly two pages. WRITING #1

 Myth  Cultural Details  Origin Myth  Archetype  Sermon  Autobiography  Puritan Plain Style  Oral Tradition  Exploration Narrative  Diction  Chronological Order  Apostrophe  Inversion  Allusion  Rationalism  Slave Narrative  Deism  Charged Words  Aphorism  Ornate Style  Rhetorical Devices  Persuasion  Figure of Speech LIST OF TERMS (PURITAN FOCUS)

 Allusion: A reference to someone or something that is known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, science, or some other branch of culture  Sermon: A speech given from a pulpit in a house of worship that conveys to an audience the speaker’s message or point of view; formal public speaking by a religious person.  Puritan Plain Style: Style that emphasizes uncomplicated sentence structures and common diction to show glory to God and not to the writer  Ornate Style: Elaborate style of writing in 1600s England where classical allusions, Latin quotations, and elaborate figures of speech where common PURITAN TERMS

 Inversion: Changing the structure of a sentence from the normal syntax (common among poets to aid in rhyme)  Slave Narrative: Autobiographical account of life as a slave  Diction: Word choice  Chronological Order: Writer placing events in the order that they occurred.  Figure of Speech: aka figurative language, a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of something else and that is not meant to be taken literally. (simile, metaphor, personification, and symbol) PURITAN TERMS (CONTINUED)

 Bible provides the model  View life as a journey to salvation  Diaries and letters are most common  Show signs of Grace  Purpose: To Worship God CHARACTERISTICS OF PURITAN WRITING

PHILOSOPHY OF PURITANS  Sought to “purify” the Church of England  Response to Henry VIII  Clergy or Gov’t should not act as an intermediary between individual and God  Most of humanity damned due to Adam and Eve (disobedience)  Hard work and self sacrifice  Reward in the afterworld  Everything for the glory of God

 Style that emphasizes uncomplicated sentence structures and common diction  Differed from Ornate or “high style” of the time  To show glory to God and not to the writer  Stresses simplicity and clarity of expression PURITAN PLAIN STYLE

 Read the following article and be ready to discuss with your class.  americans-still-puritan.html?_r=2 americans-still-puritan.html?_r=2 ARE AMERICANS STILL PURITAN?

 Bring in lyrics to your favorite love song  (school appropriate as always) HOMEWORK

 Rewrite your Origin myth. (Must have your myth draft)  Using Puritan Plain Style, rewrite your origin myth. Tell essentially the same story, but put it in the no nonsense, to the point style of the Puritans.  Be sure to have diction and syntax in contemporary style (use todays words to demonstrate the style of the puritans).  Keep the focus similar to the Puritans, God oriented.  Should be two pages for the puritan. #2: PURITAN STYLE

 Use PPT with McCarthyism READ THE CRUCIBLE

 Myth  Cultural Details  Origin Myth  Archetype  Sermon  Autobiography  Puritan Plain Style  Oral Tradition  Exploration Narrative  Diction  Chronological Order  Apostrophe  Inversion  Allusion  Rationalism  Slave Narrative  Deism  Charged Words  Aphorism  Ornate Style  Rhetorical Devices  Persuasion  Figure of Speech LIST OF TERMS (COLONIAL FOCUS)

 Autobiography: Usually written in first person, autobiographies present life events as the writer sees them. They also provide a view of history that is more personal  Rationalism: the belief that human beings can arrive at truth by using reason, not relying on past authority (king), religious faith (church), or intuition (chance).  Deism: Believed in the perfectibility of humans their inherent goodness. They rejected strict religions and rather focused on the common threads/principles that each religion shares. COLONIAL TERMS

 Charged words: Likely to produce a strong emotional response. – Example: tyranny, which means “oppressive power” may evoke feelings of outrage.  Aphorism: A brief, cleverly worded statement makes a wise observation about life  Persuasion: One of four forms of discourse, which uses reason and emotional appeals to convince a reader to think or act in a certain way  Rhetorical Devices: Techniques used for persuasive writing COLONIAL TERMS (CONTINUED)

 Find truth using reason  Mostly newspapers, pamphlets and political writings  Many persuasive techniques  Logic is a God-given gift, try to find order in universe CHARACTERISTICS OF COLONIAL WRITING

 Rhetorical question-is asked for effect and not actually for an answer.  Repetition-unifying property of repeated words, sounds, syllables, and other elements that appear in a work.  Rhyme-repetition of vowel sounds in accented syllables. RHETORICAL DEVICES

 Parallel structure- the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures (parallelism)  Diction: word choice  Charged Words (loaded words)  Syntax: word order  Note: Inversion: the reversal of the normal word order in a sentence or phrase RHETORICAL DEVICES (CONTINUED)

 Pathos  Emotions  Imagination  Ethos  Credibility  trust  Logos  Logical  consistency ARISTOTLE'S TRIANGLE

 When finished, Close your book and get out a piece of paper  Answer these questions… 1.What is Henry’s purpose in writing/delivering this speech? 2.Identify three of his best/lasting arguments 3.What is his tone? 4.Is it effective? Why or why not. LISTEN TO PATRICK HENRY’S SPEECH

FIND ONE EXAMPLE OF EACH IN PATRICK HENRY’S SPEECH IN VA. CONVENTION  (1) Pathos  Emotions  Imagination  (1) Ethos  Credibility  trust  (1) Logos  Logical  consistency  (1) Rhetorical Question  (1) Repetition  (1) Sound device  Rhyme,  Alliteration  etc.  (1) Parallel structure  (1) Diction, Charged words *Use paper started yesterday; due today (in basket)

WRITING #3: AUTOBIOGRAPHY  Write 2+ page first person narrative on a personal experience.  Be non fiction in nature, but your level of bias is within your control.  Be factual and detached from the event, for purpose (Equiano)  Have fun and exaggerate the event for entertainment (Franklin)  Anything in between, just be in control  The event should be real and you should have had time to reflect on its repercussions.  At least five years ago  Due WED after we return.

FIND EXAMPLES IN THOMAS PAINE’S CRISIS NO. 1  Pathos  Emotions  Imagination  Ethos  Credibility  trust  Logos  Logical  consistency  Rhetorical Question  Repetition  Sound devices  Rhyme,  Alliteration  etc.  Parallel structure  Diction, Charged words