The Lasting Impact of Europeans: Religion, Language and Slavery

a. Describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas.

Slavery in the Americas Shortage of labor in Americas led to beginning of Atlantic slave trade. Farmers and plantation owners first used Native Americans; European diseases and warfare killed millions of Native Americans. Workers were still needed on sugar, tobacco, and other types of plantations which brought about the Africa slave trade in the Americas.

Between the 1500s and the 1800s, 10 – 20 millions of Africans were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas.

Were you paying attention??!! Why did European rulers bring Africans to the New World? Shortage of labor diseases and warfare killed millions of Native Americans Workers were still needed plantations What is the estimated number of Africans who were captured, shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, and sold as slaves in the Americas? 10 – 20 million

10 to 20 Million Enslaved Brazil Spanish Empire Caribbean North America .5 – 1 million

Seriously, you need to pay attention!! From which region were most African slaves taken? Western Africa Which colony imported the most African slaves? Brazil

Triangular Slave Trade

Encomienda System

What was the Encomienda System? Encomienda system – a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers.

SOCIAL HIERARCHY Who had the most power? The least? Peninsulares: Native Spaniards Criolles: People of pure European blood But born in the New World P C Mulattos: African + European blood Mestizoes Indian + European blood M M I & A Indians and Africans CAUSES

Who had the most power? Who had the least power?

Distribution of land, wealth, privileges Top social class – Peninsulares granted large estates called haciendas where they could grow crops, raise cattle and other farm animals for sale of products/trade Peninsulares were identified as Spanish Born, from Spanish Parents (pure bloods from the home country) Were only ones who could hold high public office (mayor, etc)

Give me some facts about the Peninsulares

Distribution of land, wealth, privileges Second class below the Peninsulares were the Criollos (Creoles) They were of pure Spanish Blood but were born in New Spain (Mexico) rather than in Spain. Could not hold the same level of public office and were not granted the Haciendas from the king, but could inherit the land from their parents if they were Peninsulares

Give me some facts about the Criollos (Creoles)

Lower classes Mestizos - Mixed blood of European and a Native Indian Because they had some “pure blood” they were considered above any “non-pure-blood” person. These were the working class people of the society, mainly in small towns and communities. Mulattos – Mixed blood of European and an African Slaves Not the lowest place in society because they were not purely slave

Give me some facts about the Mestizos Give me some facts about the Mulattos

Lowest Class Captured Aztec, other Native Indian Tribes, and Slaves from Africa Used for labor with essentially no rights Under Encomienda System, “labor” was to be treated fairly, with shelter, food, and living supplies but rarely was fair Spain wanted to reduce any chance of over- throw by rebellious groups

Give me some facts about the slaves and indigenous people (Native Americans)

Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattos Native Indians Black Slaves Based on Blood and birth location Peninsulares Creoles Granted land, political office and voting rights Inherit land, still considered upper class Mestizos Mulattos No inheritance Lowest of the middle class No rights whatsoever No rights whatsoever Native Indians Black Slaves

b. Describe the influence of the Spanish and the Portuguese on the language and religions of Latin America.

Spread of Culture As result of slave trade, people of African descent spread throughout Americas and Western Europe Spread called African Diaspora Eventually led to spread of African culture —music, art, religion, food — throughout the Western World Slaves and other ethnic groups blended

Languages of Latin America The term Latin America refers to the origin of the languages Spanish and Portuguese from Ancient Roman Empire. These languages are spoken widely throughout Latin America as a result of European colonization of the region.

There are two main languages spoken throughout Latin America Portuguese- Brazil Spanish- in most other countries

What are the two major languages in Latin America? Spanish and Portuguese. Portuguese is the official language of Brazil What is the major religion in Latin America? Roman Catholicism