Unit 6: Crises and Achievements (1900-1945) Global History II Review

Science and Technology Medical advancements are made Standard of living improves Better wages for workers and conditions Increase in population (healthier/ safer) New Scientific theories developed Radioactivity (Nuclear energy) Einstein and Freud

World War I Causes (1914-1918) War began when Arch Duke was killed Nationalism- pride in one’s country Militarism- increase in militaries to protect Imperialism- conquering territories Alliances- joining forces incase of attack War began when Arch Duke was killed Balkans were a “powder keg” of tension and started the war by each country joining in

World War I Alliances formed across Europe Industrialized warfare Central Powers (Triple Alliance) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire Allied Powers (Triple Entente) Britain, France, Russia, Later Italy, Japan, USA Industrialized warfare Trench warfare- dug trenches to fight from New weapons- machine gun, tank, submarine, airplane, and poison gas

World War I Turning Point of the war when USA joins Russia withdrew from war (Revolution) Costs of the war Tremendous loss of life (more than 8 million) Economic losses forced Germany to pay reparations for the war (Treaty of Versailles) Formation of the League of Nations to try and prevent future wars from happening

Revolution in Russia Causes of the Revolution (1917) Czar Nicholas was an autocratic ruler Harsh treatment of the people, suppressed reform Peasants were unhappy with conditions Diversity among the Russian people inspired nationalism among populations Revolution of 1905- protesters were attacked People wanted to get out of World War I

Revolution in Russia Bolshevik Revolution (Communists) Provisional government was slow to change Communists promised Peace, Bread, & Land Lenin Rules Russia Communists overthrew provisional gov. Russia drops out of World War I Civil war between Reds and Whites (czar) New Economic Policy- governemnt controlled nearly everything in the Soviet economy

Revolution in Russia Joseph Stalin takes over Soviet Russia Totalitarian dictator launched Great Purge Russification- promoted Russian culture for everyone living in Russia (non-Russians) Five-Year Plans to build industry and increase agricultural output Collectivization created large farms Forced Famine- starved peasants in Ukraine Modernized Russia to compete with West

Between Wars Treaty of Versailles Collapse of Empires Harsh punishment for Germany Loss of territory, military restrictions, war guilt Formation of the League of Nations Designed to prevent future aggression and wars Weakened due to refusal of USA to join Collapse of Empires Austria-Hungary broke up into several nations Ottoman Empire lost war and broke up

Between Wars National movements emerged Turks under Kemal Ataturk Westernized Iran under Shah Reza Khan Westernized Pan-Arabism- Arab nations wanted to be free of foreign (European) rule Zionism- push for a Jewish state in Palestine Indian Nationalism- wanted independence Gandhi used civil disobedience to win rights

Between Wars Chinese Nationalism Women’s Suffrage movement gains vote Economic collapse in China led to revolt May Fourth Movement- modernize China by turning to the West Communists emerged (Mao’s Long March) Civil War between Communists & Nationalists Women’s Suffrage movement gains vote Democratic nations give women right to vote

Between Wars World Wide Depression (1929) Rise of Fascism Economic problems in Europe from WWI Interdependency of world economies Great Depression: collapse of economy Banks and business closed People lose faith in capitalism and democracy Rise of Fascism Rule a people by dictatorial government

Between Wars Rise of Fascism Italy: Mussolini promised better economy and gain territory expected after WWI Germany: Weimer Republic failed (democracy Inflation created economic problems and gave rise to Hitler Hitler promised to regain lost territory, fix the economy, rebuild the military Anti-Semitism rose (hatred toward Jews)

Between Wars Japan becomes a militaristic power in Asia Depression ended movement toward democracy in Japan Need for raw materials drove Japan to imperialism and militarism in Pacific region Expanded into China and Manchuria Anti-Western feelings Left League of Nations

World War II Causes of World War II (1939-1945) Aggressive nature of Italy, Germany, Japan Japan invaded and took territory in China Italy attacks Ethiopia (L-N does nothing) German Aggression: Rebuilds military, took Rhineland, Austria, and part of Czechoslovakia Appeasement (give in to an aggressor) Policy followed by Europeans to prevent war Start of War: Germany invades Poland ’39

World War II Axis Powers gained territory rapidly Germans used Blitzkrieg “Lighting War” Turning points in the war US enters the war after Pearl Harbor attack Battle of Stalingrad turned back Germans Invasion of Normandy by Allies (D-Day) Battle of Midway in the Pacific

World War II Holocaust: Genocide against Jews World War II Ends Hitler’s “Final Solution” killed 6 million Jews World War II Ends Germany was overrun by Allies and gave up Americans dropped two atomic bombs on Japan to end the war in the Pacific Technology of World War II Jet planes, bomber planes, atomic weapons

World War II Impact of World War II 75 Million people died world wide in the war Many cities and economies were in ruins War Crime trials such as Nuremberg Trials Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe United Nations was formed to discuss world problems and develop solutions over war