The Constitution of the United States of America Magna Carta Magna Carta Parliament Parliament Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights Albany Plan of the Union Albany Plan of the Union First Continental Congress First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation Constitution Constitution Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

The Constitution of the United States of America Things to Know Things to Know Oldest Working Constitution: –Made 1787 –Adopted 17889/13 States –All 13 by 1790

The Constitution Bill of Rights: Bill of Rights: –1st 10 amendments: Adopted 1791 Adopted 1791 Balanced the power of the Government with the rights of the people Balanced the power of the Government with the rights of the people Helped satisfy the fears and demands of Anti-Federalists Helped satisfy the fears and demands of Anti-Federalists –Amendments (17 other amendments) 1798 – – 1993 Represent needed changes through historical events Represent needed changes through historical events

The Three Branches of Government In five days it was agreed to separate the powers of the national government. It was agreed that there would be three major parts to the New Strong Central Government and that they would include: In five days it was agreed to separate the powers of the national government. It was agreed that there would be three major parts to the New Strong Central Government and that they would include: The Three BRANCHES The Three BRANCHES Legislative Legislative Executive Executive Judicial Judicial

The Preamble W e the people of the United States, W e the people of the United States, I n order to form a more perfect union, I n order to form a more perfect union, E stablish Justice, E stablish Justice, I nsure domestic tranquility, I nsure domestic tranquility, P rovide for the common defense, P rovide for the common defense, P romote the general welfare, P romote the general welfare, A nd secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, A nd secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, D o ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. D o ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I: The Legislative Branch Legislative – Great Compromise Legislative – Great Compromise aka Connecticut Compromise: aka Connecticut Compromise: –Establishes Two House Congress -MAKES LAWS- -MAKES LAWS-

The United States Capitol Building

SENATE SENATE: Equal representation for each state: 1913 elected by people – 17th Amendment (was State Legislature) New Jersey Plan SENATE: Equal representation for each state: 1913 elected by people – 17th Amendment (was State Legislature) New Jersey Plan 30 years old 30 years old American citizen for nine years American citizen for nine years Resident of state Resident of state Serves a six-year term. Serves a six-year term. 100 members TOTAL 100 members TOTAL

House of Representatives HOUSE: Representation based on population. Virginia Plan HOUSE: Representation based on population. Virginia Plan 25 years old 25 years old Resident of state Resident of state Serves two-year term Serves two-year term Elected by people Elected by people American citizen for seven years American citizen for seven years 435 members TOTAL 435 members TOTAL

Powers: Make Bills which become laws (Money Bills must come from House) Make Bills which become laws (Money Bills must come from House) 67% vote from Congress can override a Presidential Veto 67% vote from Congress can override a Presidential Veto Make Laws Make Laws Taxation, Bankruptcy Taxation, Bankruptcy Inventions: Copyrights & Patents Inventions: Copyrights & Patents Declares War Declares War Borrowing Money Borrowing Money Lending Lending Roads Roads Immigration Immigration Post Offices Post Offices Armed Forces Armed Forces

POWERS FORBIDDEN TO CONGRESS: Can’t discuss Slave Trade until 1808 Can’t discuss Slave Trade until 1808 –Congress ended the slave trade in 1808 No titles (examples: Duke of California, King, Baroness of Poway, etc) can be granted No titles (examples: Duke of California, King, Baroness of Poway, etc) can be granted

POWERS FORBIDDEN TO STATES: POWERS FORBIDDEN TO STATES: No individual money making for states No individual money making for states No import / export taxes can be made No import / export taxes can be made No treaties allowed for states No treaties allowed for states No foreign relations or war powers No foreign relations or war powers

ARTICLE II: Executive Branch Enforces the Laws 35 years old 35 years old Natural born citizen of US Natural born citizen of US 14 year resident 14 year resident Maximum of two terms (22nd Amendment 1951) Maximum of two terms (22nd Amendment 1951) Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The Executive Mansion: aka The White House

Executive = The President Elected head of government – Chief Executive – President Elected head of government – Chief Executive – President As a civilian, he/she is in charge of military (remember, Congress declares war) As a civilian, he/she is in charge of military (remember, Congress declares war) Salary - $350, a year Salary - $350, a year Has a Cabinet of Advisors that meet weekly – 15 Has a Cabinet of Advisors that meet weekly – 15 Makes treaties which take effect if the senate agrees – approves Makes treaties which take effect if the senate agrees – approves Appoints Ambassadors – Senate approves Appoints Ambassadors – Senate approves

ARTICLE III: Judicial Branch: Interprets Laws Supreme Court - actual cases only Supreme Court - actual cases only Guarantees Trial By Jury if requested – Guarantees Trial By Jury if requested – –5th Amendment also (paranoid and in two places) Federal and State Courts will exist Federal and State Courts will exist Appeals may reach the Supreme Court Appeals may reach the Supreme Court How many Judges? Nine – Chief Justice at head How many Judges? Nine – Chief Justice at head Appointed for life with good behavior Appointed for life with good behavior By the President and approved by Senate By the President and approved by Senate

The Supreme Court of the U.S.

Article IV: Concerning the States Cannot leave a state to avoid trial Cannot leave a state to avoid trial Marriages will be recognized throughout but divorce may not be Marriages will be recognized throughout but divorce may not be All states are guaranteed a republican form of government All states are guaranteed a republican form of government =(A representative form of government.) =(A representative form of government.)

Article V: Amending the Constitution To Propose Amendments To Propose Amendments –2/3 of both houses deem it necessary OR OR –2/3 of state legislatives –(34/50) To Ratify(approve) amendments = To Ratify(approve) amendments = if ¾ states (legislature) ratify if ¾ states (legislature) ratify38/50

Article VI: Supreme Law of Land All public officials take an oath to support the Constitution All public officials take an oath to support the Constitution The Constitution is “The Supreme Law of the Land” The Constitution is “The Supreme Law of the Land”

Article VII: To ratify the Constitution 9/13 state conventions in country must approve To ratify the Constitution 9/13 state conventions in country must approve 1787-Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania 1787-Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania 1788 – 8 more and ratification done 1788 – 8 more and ratification done North Carolina North Carolina Rhode Island Rhode Island

Key Vocabulary Ex Post Facto Law: cannot be guilty of a crime if the law was made after the crime was committed. Ex Post Facto Law: cannot be guilty of a crime if the law was made after the crime was committed. Writ of Habeus Corpus: Guarantees a court appearance that proves your arrest was lawful Writ of Habeus Corpus: Guarantees a court appearance that proves your arrest was lawful

Amendments Bill of Rights 1791 Bill of Rights