Early Republic Jackson and Sectionalism Causes of the Civil War The Civil War Reconstruction (Part I) Reconstruction Part II Misc Unit Two: Testing American Government

As a result of differing interpretations over the Constitution and the power of the national government, what organizations formed during the Early Republic Era?

Political Parties

1.This interpretation of the Constitution says that the national government can ONLY do what is stated. 2. This interpretation of the Constitution says that the national government has “implied” powers that go beyond what is written down.

1.Strict interpretation 2. Loose interpretation

This political party was in favor of a loose interpretation of the Constitution and was successful in arguing the elastic clause gives the government the power to create a national bank

Federalist Party

1.The Democrat-Republicans were led by what famous man? 2. This famous man had a strict interpretation of the Constitution but needed to change his beliefs to go through with what huge purchase?

1. Thomas Jefferson 2. Louisiana Purchase

Give TWO examples of how national power increased during the Early Republic Era

Hamilton’s Financial Plan (creation of a national bank) Whiskey Rebellion Alien & Sedition Acts Louisiana Purchase

The name of the movement that led to the expansion of the right to vote for all white men and the “democratization” of American government

Jacksonian Democracy

This barrier was eliminated as a qualification for voting during the Age of Jackson which allowed all white men to vote.

Property ownership

The system where Andrew Jackson gave government jobs to people who voted for or supported him

Spoils System

1. The idea that a state has a right to determine what is constitutional and can strike down a federal law. 2. What law did South Carolina strike down?

Nullification Tariff of “Abominations”

Andrew Jackson was named “King Andrew” for using the veto power to kill what very powerful economic institution, arguing that it existed only to benefit the rich?

The Second Bank of the United States

In the song “Bonnie Blue Flag,” the chorus states, “Hurrah, hurrah, for southern rights, hurrah.” What is the South fighting for?

State’s Rights

This idea, proposed by Senator Stephen Douglass, allowed settlers of a territory to vote on whether it would be free or slave.

Popular Sovereignty

The theory that a state can break away or “leave” the federal government

Secession

This event caused South Carolina to secede from the Union

Election of Abraham Lincoln in November of 1860

The Supreme Court declared in Dred Scott v. Sanford that a slave was property. How did this decision overturn the Missouri Compromise?

Slavery cannot be restricted from any state because the government cannot seize a person’s property without due process of law (5th amendment).

In his First Inaugural Address, Lincoln pledged to do what with regard to slavery? Also the official position of the Republican Party on slavery.

Not interfere with it where it existed but prevent its expansion into western territories (“containment”)

Battle that marked the turning Point of the Civil War

Gettysburg

Famous speech in which Lincoln declared the Civil War was being fought for a “new birth of freedom:” freedom for the slaves

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln suspended this right during the Civil War claiming it was necessary for prosecuting the war

Writ of habeas corpus

This document freed the slaves in only certain areas. Name the document and the areas where the slaves were free.

Emancipation Proclamation Any area that was still in open rebellion against the United States government (unconquered Confederate states)

Congressional Reconstruction was led by this political group who was determined to extend civil rights to blacks

Radical Republicans

This Reconstruction plan sought to bring the states in easily by having 10% of each state’s citizens take a loyalty oath and agreeing to abolish slavery

Presidential Reconstruction

This amendment, passed under Congressional Reconstruction, gave African- Americans the right to vote

15th Amendment

Laws passed by Southern state legislatures in order to “control” the movement and economic opportunities of African-Americans

Black Codes

The 14th Amendment did TWO very important things. Name them.

1.Strengthened the power of the federal government over the states 2.Made discrimination based on race, gender, sexual orientation, etc. illegal

The economic system where most free blacks and many whites “rented” land and sold a portion of the crops to the landlord

Sharecropping

These laws segregated the white and black race in the South

Jim Crow laws

Terrorist organization that used violence to prevent blacks from voting and receiving other civil rights

Ku Klux Klan

This court case established that segregation was protected by the 14th amendment so long as the facilities were “equal”

Plessy v. Ferguson

Explain how the Supreme Court justified their decision that segregation was constitution

The 14 th amendment calls for the “equal protection of the law” – separate facilities can exist so long as they are equal.

This compromise admitted California as a free state which gave free states an advantage in the Senate but also included a tough fugitive slave law that made anyone who did not return a runaway slave eligible for arrest.

Compromise of 1850

The federal government passed protective tariffs during the Jackson administration in order to…

Protect Northern factories from cheap British goods

This man’s violent attempt to destroy slavery was responsible for convincing the South that slavery was not safe in the Union and therefore they must secede.

John Brown (raid on Harper’s Ferry)

This compromise maintained the balance of power in the Senate by admitting one territory as a slave state, another as a free state, and drawing a line along the 36’30 parallel to decide the status of slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory.

Missouri Compromise

As a result of the Civil War and Reconstruction, this key idea or principle that the Founding Fathers incorporated into the Constitution began to slowly die. You must also be able to explain your answer.

Federalism: dividing power between the state and national governments.