PRODUCTION PEOPLE Pertemuan 11 Matakuliah: O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran Televisi Tahun: 2010

What Production People Do In a complex television production process, there are personnel who handle the a-z job functions. Those people perform the functions of taking care of backstage, coordinating the talents and auditions, setting the camera and other equipments for the show, writing scripts, to managing budget and coordinating with advertising and station management. In general, they are divided into 3 (three) big categories: Non-technical production personnel Technical production personnel News production personnel The next slides will discuss more details on what they actually do during production. 3

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (1/8) Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel The production personnel are generally divided into 2 (two) categories: Above-the-line personnel: in charge of translating a script or an event into effective television images. They are categorized into different budget category from the technical crew Below-the-line personnel: concerned with operating equipment. However, the division of above-the-line personnel and below-the-line personnel are not always clear. Generally, the above-the-line personnel include the no technical personnel, and below-the-line personnel include the technical (production crew and engineering personnel). The next 5 (five) slides will explain the job functions of each production personnel. 4

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (2/8) Non-Technical Production Personnel and their functions (1/3) 5 PersonnelFunction Executive ProducerIn charge of one or several large productions or program series; manages budget and coordinates with client, station management, advertising agencies, financial supporters, and talent and writer’s agents. ProducerIn charge of individual production; responsible for all personnel working on the production and for coordinating technical and nontechnical production elements; often serves as writer and director. Associate Producer (AP)Assists producer in all production matters; often does the actual coordinating jobs such as telephoning talent and confirming schedules. Line producerSupervises daily production activities on the set Field producerAssits producer by taking charge of remote operations (away from the studio); at small stations may be part of producer’s responsibilities.

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (3/8) Non-Technical Production Personnel and their functions (2/3) 6 Production ManagerSchedules equipment and personnel for all studio and field productions Production Assistant (PA)Assists producer and director during actual production; during rehearsal takes notes of producer’s and/ or director ‘s suggestions for show improvement DirectorIn charge of directing talent and technical operations; responsible for transforming a script into effective video and audio messages; may often be the producer as well at small stations Associate DirectorAssists director during actual production; in studio productions does timing for director; also called assistant director TalentPerformers or actors who appear on television ActorActors/ actress

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (4/8) 7 Non-Technical Production Personnel and their functions (3/3) PerformerPerson who appears on-camera in non-dramatic activities. AnnouncerHeads narration but does not appear on-camera; if on camera, the announcer moves into talent category. Floor ManagerIn charge of all activities on studio floor; coordinates talent, relays director’s cues to talent and supervisor floor personnel; except for large operations, responsible for setting up scenery and dressing the set. Also called floor director or stage manager. Floor PersonSet up and dress sets; operate cue cards or other prompting devices, easel cards, and on-camera graphics; help setting up and work portable field lighting instruments or microphone booms; assists camera operators in moving camera dollies and pulling camera cables; at small stations also act as wardrobe and makeup people; also called grips, stagehands, or utilities personnel.

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (5/8) Additional Non-Technical Production Personnel 8 PersonnelFunction WriterAt smaller stations, or in corporate television, the scripts are often written by the director or producer and usually hired on freelance basis. Art DirectorIn charge of creative design aspects of show (set design, location, and/ or graphics) Graphic ArtistPrepares computer graphics, titles, charts, and electronic background. Makeup ArtistDoes the makeup for all talent, usually hired on freelance basis. Costume DesignerDesigns and sometimes even constructs various costumes for dramas, dance numbers, and children’s shows; usually hired on freelance basis. Wardrobe PersonHandles all wardrobe matters during production Property ManagerMaintains and manages use of various set and hand properties; in small operations, managed by floor manager.

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (6/8) Technical Production Personnel and Crew Technical production personnel are divided into 2 (two) functions: 1. Engineering staff: who are responsible for the purchase, installation, proper functioning, and maintenance of all technical equipment. The following are their job title and the functions: 9 PersonnelFunction Chief EngineerIn charge of all technical personnel, budgets, and equipment; design systems, including transmission, and overseas installation and daily operations. Assistant Chief EngineerAssists chief engineer in all technical matters and operations; also called engineering supervisor. Studio or Remote Engineer-in-chargeOversees all technical operations; also called EIC Maintenance EngineerMaintains all technical equipment and troubleshoot during productions.

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (7/8) 2. Non-Engineering Staff: who are skilled in technical aspects but they are not necessarily to be engineers and they usually are technically trained production people. The followings are their job title and the functions: 10 Job TitleFunctions Technical Director (TD)Does the switching and acts as technical crew chief Camera OperatorsOperate the camera and lighting for simple shows; when in field production, sometimes are called videographers or shouters Director of Photography (DP)In film production, in charge of lighting; in EFP, operates camera Lighting Director (LD)In charge of lighting; normally in large productions Video Operator (VO)Adjust camera control for optimal camera pictures; also called shader. Audio TechnicianIn charge of audio operations, works audio console during the show, also called audio engineer.

Non-Technical and Technical Production Personnel (8/8) 11 Job titleFunction Videotape OperatorRuns the videotape machine and/ or dist- based recording devices Character Generator (CG) OperatorTypes and/or recalls from the computer the names and other graphic material to be integrated with video image. Videotape EditorOperates postproduction editing equipment; assists in creative editing decisions. Digital Graphic ArtistRenders digital graphics for on-air use.

News Production Personnel (1/2) People who work in news production division are dedicated exclusively to the process of news production, documentaries, and special events. The job title and their functions are described below: 12 Job TitleFunction News DirectorIn charge of all news operations and takes care of the responsibility of all newscasts. ProducerResponsible for the selection and placement of stories in newscast. Assignment EditorAssigns reporters and videographers to specific events to be covered. ReporterCompiles all stories, reports on-camera from the field. Videographerin the absence of reporter, decides on what part of the event to cover, also called news photographer r shooter. WriterWrites on-the-air copy for the anchors. The copy is based on the reporter’s notes and available videotape.

News Production Personnel (2/2) 13 Videotape EditorEdits videotape according to reporter’s notes, writer’s script or producer’s instructions. AnchorPrincipal presenter or newscast, normally from a studio set. WeathercasterOn-camera talent, reporting local the weather. Traffic reporterOn-camera talent, reporting local traffic conditions. SportscasterOn-camera talent, giving sports news and commentary.

Techniques/ Terms used During Production (1/2) There are certain television techniques/ terms that are very often used during production process. These techniques/ terms are closely related to a series of production process from using the microphone correctly, picking and deciding the right timing to get the show on and off the air on time, and all ‘body language’ messages used by the floor manager to direct the host and talent during the show. Among other things are explained below: Television talent All people regularly appear on television who aim at entertaining, educating, informing, and communicating effectively with the television audience; Performance techniques Techniques that all television performers must be aware of. These techniques require the performers to know how to speak to the camera, play host to various guests, or communicate with other performers or to the studio audience. 14

Techniques/ Terms used During Production (2/2) Acting techniques To become a good television actor, one must have the mastery of acting. Actors and performers must understand their audiences, blocking (the area where the actors/ performers are allowed to move or to do in relation to the set, other actor’s position, and the television equipment), the lines to be memorized, the timing, the relation of actor and postproduction process, and the actor-director relationship. Auditions Audition is one of a set of production process where the director decides which person goes to a certain role or not. 15