THE GREAT WAR WORLD WAR I. A Close Family Tree QueenVictoria of England - Grand Mother to royalty of Europe (German States, England, Denmark, Russia and.

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Presentation transcript:

THE GREAT WAR WORLD WAR I

A Close Family Tree QueenVictoria of England - Grand Mother to royalty of Europe (German States, England, Denmark, Russia and more)

The Intertwining Royal Families of Europe Queen Victoria ( ) Victoria m. Frederick III (Prussia) Alice m. Louis of Hesse Edward VII 6 others 6 others Kaiser Wilhelm II Nicholas II m. Alexandra King George V Kaiser Wilhelm II Nicholas II m. Alexandra King George V

King George V Tsar Nicholas II

Background Causes Nationalism Self- Determination Pan-SlavismImperialism Economic competition

The Background Continued… MilitarismBismarck, Clausewitz & The Kaiser System of Alliances -Allies Vs. Central Powers

Kaiser Wilhelm II Reviewing the Troops

The Allied Powers (Allies) France, England, Russia (later Italy and the United States) ENGLISH SOLDIER FRENCH SOLDIER RUSSIAN OFFICER

The Central Powers Germans, Austro- Hungarians and the Ottoman Empire German Pickelhaube AUSTRIAN SOLDIER OTTOMAN SOLDIER

The Spark Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Assassination and the Arrest

Franz Ferdinand’s Funeral

The Pieces Fall into Place

The Schlieffen Plan - Anticipate French Border Defense - Anticipate French Border Defense - Anticipate Long Russian Prep Time - Anticipate Long Russian Prep Time

Schlieffen Plan Continued England, with no Landing no Landing Area, would sue for peace Area, would sue for peace France & UK gone, can now focus on Russia

Germany enters Belgium…

The Plans falls Apart The Battle of the Marne The Battle of the Marne

Taxis to the Rescue

The Plan Falls Apart, Part II German Victory at Tannenburg A Devastating Victory Pulls Germany into vacuum, ends holding maneuver "It's an honour to make such a sacrifice for our allies" - Nicholas II

Russian Prisoners at Tannenburg

The Race to the Sea & Stalemate Trench Warfare Trench Warfare

German troops make trenches

New Horrors of War The Tank At the Somme, UK Machine Guns New Battleships

French 75 Gun, 1914

More Horrors of War… U-BoatsAirplanes

And Even More Horrors!!! Poison Gas Flame Throwers Grenades

The Western Front Verdun German Offensive German OffensiveSomme UK & French UK & French

Christmas, 1914 German and British soldiers fraternizing in No Man's Land, Christmas 1914

The Eastern Front Gallipoli Russia failing Promise of the Dardanelles Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

On the Seas UK Blockade of Germany U-BoatsSussex Pledge Pledge

Russia Defeated February Revolution Nicholas II Nicholas IIabdicates October Revolution Sealed Train Sealed Train Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Total War Governments use all tools in their societies to fight: Conscription Conscription Rationing Rationing Censoring Censoring Women in business Women in business Colonies (freedom?) Colonies (freedom?)

War Crimes in Armenia Ottoman Turks fear Armenian support of Russia (Christian V Islam) The solution: men, women and children marched into the desert till dead from exposure and dehydration Million Dead

Enter the Americans Zimmermann Telegram Unrestricted Sub Warfare Lusitania April 2, 1917

The Tide Turns The US & the Convoy System Doughboys tip scales, Germans deep into their reserves… Ottomans and Austrians surrender

The End of the War Failed German Offensive Americans and Allies push Germany to its borders… Armistice 11/11 at 11 am 11/11 at 11 am in 1918 in 1918 Clemenceau, Orlando, Lloyd-George & Wilson

A New Map of Europe Versailles & The 14 Points The Big 4 The Big 4 Poland, the Poland, the Baltic States, Baltic States, Finland, Ireland, Finland, Ireland,Czechoslovakia… The League of Nations of Nations

Results of the War The numbers : 24 Million + dead 24 Million + dead (more civilians (15) than soldiers (9) !!!) 21 million+ wounded 21 million+ woundedNationalism -Sykes-Picot deal,1916 Communism German Anger US THE world power