China The Enchanted Land

China’s Geography Modern China is a huge country Modern China is a huge country Approximately 3,700,000 square miles Approximately 3,700,000 square miles Second largest in land-area (after Russia), third or fourth largest in total area (depending on definition of total area [inland seas, great lakes, etc.]) Russia, Canada, and perhaps the US. Second largest in land-area (after Russia), third or fourth largest in total area (depending on definition of total area [inland seas, great lakes, etc.]) Russia, Canada, and perhaps the US. Home to approximately 1.25 billion people Home to approximately 1.25 billion people Almost ¼ of the total world population Almost ¼ of the total world population Is the most populous country in the world. Is the most populous country in the world.

China’s Geography With such a vast land area, China’s geography is extremely varied- breathtaking mountains, deep valleys, huge rivers, deserts, etc. With such a vast land area, China’s geography is extremely varied- breathtaking mountains, deep valleys, huge rivers, deserts, etc. Ranges from deserts to tropical, from sometimes very cold to extremely hot. Ranges from deserts to tropical, from sometimes very cold to extremely hot.

Early China Essential Question: Essential Question: Suppose you find yourself with a small group of people in an uninhabited land. There are none of the modern conveniences (TV, internet, cell phones, cars, stores, etc.). What do you need in order to survive? Where would you find or get those things? Where would you live? What type of house would you live in? Suppose you find yourself with a small group of people in an uninhabited land. There are none of the modern conveniences (TV, internet, cell phones, cars, stores, etc.). What do you need in order to survive? Where would you find or get those things? Where would you live? What type of house would you live in?

Early China Basically, mankind needs access to three things to survive: food and water, clothing, and shelter. Basically, mankind needs access to three things to survive: food and water, clothing, and shelter. Based upon these needs and our knowledge of China’s geography, where do you think China’s first civilization began? Based upon these needs and our knowledge of China’s geography, where do you think China’s first civilization began? Huang He (Yellow River) Valley Huang He (Yellow River) Valley Farmed the land because of the rich soil Farmed the land because of the rich soil As population increased, they began building towns and thus the first Chinese civilization began As population increased, they began building towns and thus the first Chinese civilization began

Shang Dynasty Ruled China from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. Ruled China from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. Ruled from Anyang in northern China Ruled from Anyang in northern China Social Classes Social Classes King and his family at the top King and his family at the top Aristocrats Aristocrats Farmers Farmers Traders/Artisans Traders/Artisans

Shang Dynasty King ruled from northern China King ruled from northern China Used chariots and bronze weapons to expand territory. Eventually would rule over most of the Yellow River Valley Used chariots and bronze weapons to expand territory. Eventually would rule over most of the Yellow River Valley Kings selected warlords to rule over the kingdom’s territories Kings selected warlords to rule over the kingdom’s territories Warlords are military leaders who command own armies Warlords are military leaders who command own armies King’s armies were bigger, more well equipped and were tasked with defending the king and the borders of the kingdom King’s armies were bigger, more well equipped and were tasked with defending the king and the borders of the kingdom

Shang Dynasty Warlords and other royal officials made up the aristocrats- the upper class whose wealth came from the land they owned and who passed their land and power from generation to generation Warlords and other royal officials made up the aristocrats- the upper class whose wealth came from the land they owned and who passed their land and power from generation to generation A few people were artisans and traders- more on this later. A few people were artisans and traders- more on this later. Most were farmers-more on this later Most were farmers-more on this later

Shang Dynasty Worshipped gods and spirits- which were believed to live in mountains, rivers, and seas. Worshipped gods and spirits- which were believed to live in mountains, rivers, and seas. Believed they had to keep the spirits happy by making offerings of food and other goods. Believed they had to keep the spirits happy by making offerings of food and other goods. Believed that the spirits and gods would become angry if not treated well-which could lead to poor harvests or other natural disasters. Believed that the spirits and gods would become angry if not treated well-which could lead to poor harvests or other natural disasters. Eventually these beliefs-as well as the structure of Shang society- led to Shang kings becoming cruel. Eventually these beliefs-as well as the structure of Shang society- led to Shang kings becoming cruel.

Group Work Class divided into 3 groups: farmers, merchants, and aristocrats Class divided into 3 groups: farmers, merchants, and aristocrats Each group must: Each group must: Define who/what you are Define who/what you are Define the place you hold in society Define the place you hold in society Come up with a symbol to represent your group Come up with a symbol to represent your group Refer to pages in your textbook Refer to pages in your textbook

Essential Question If government is responsible for ensuring the general welfare and safety of its citizens, then that gives the government a huge responsibility-and an awful lot of work to do. Who actually does the work of government? Who ensures that roads get built, borders are secure, peace is kept- and all of the other “things” that government does? If government is responsible for ensuring the general welfare and safety of its citizens, then that gives the government a huge responsibility-and an awful lot of work to do. Who actually does the work of government? Who ensures that roads get built, borders are secure, peace is kept- and all of the other “things” that government does?

Zhou Dynasty Zhou Dynasty was established in 1045 B.C. by Wu Wang, an aristocrat who led a rebellion against the Shang because of their cruelty. Zhou Dynasty was established in 1045 B.C. by Wu Wang, an aristocrat who led a rebellion against the Shang because of their cruelty. Zhou Dynasty ruled for more than 800 years ( B.C.)- longer than any other dynasty. Zhou Dynasty ruled for more than 800 years ( B.C.)- longer than any other dynasty. Several important things come out of the Zhou Dynasty. Several important things come out of the Zhou Dynasty.

Government and Bureaucracy Zhou kings ruled much like the Shang Zhou kings ruled much like the Shang Divided the kingdom into provinces and appointed rulers Divided the kingdom into provinces and appointed rulers Position was hereditary, and was passed down from generation to generation Position was hereditary, and was passed down from generation to generation Bureaucracy- appointed officials who are responsible for different areas of government Bureaucracy- appointed officials who are responsible for different areas of government Bureaucrats-those who work in the bureaucracy- are responsible for the actual work of government. Bureaucrats-those who work in the bureaucracy- are responsible for the actual work of government.

Essential Question Think once again of all the things which government is involved with and is responsible for. Who gives the government the authority to do the things which it does? What happens if the government does not keep its responsibilities? Think once again of all the things which government is involved with and is responsible for. Who gives the government the authority to do the things which it does? What happens if the government does not keep its responsibilities?

Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven- heavenly law which gave the king the authority/power to rule. King was chosen by heavenly order because of his talent and virtue. Mandate of Heaven- heavenly law which gave the king the authority/power to rule. King was chosen by heavenly order because of his talent and virtue. Was expected to rule with goodness and wisdom Was expected to rule with goodness and wisdom King was chief link between heaven and earth. King was chief link between heaven and earth. King’s chief duty was to keep the gods happy. King’s chief duty was to keep the gods happy.

Mandate of Heaven Poor harvest or natural disaster meant the king had failed in his duty and the people then had the right to overthrow or replace the king. Poor harvest or natural disaster meant the king had failed in his duty and the people then had the right to overthrow or replace the king. People also had the right to overthrow a dishonest or evil ruler People also had the right to overthrow a dishonest or evil ruler King was not a god, but was chosen by the gods. King was not a god, but was chosen by the gods.

Essential Question In the fifth century B.C., the Zhou Dynasty began to weaken as several states/provinces attempted to dominate and establish their own dynasty. What are some potential reasons for the weakening of the Zhou Dynasty and the period of civil war that followed? In the fifth century B.C., the Zhou Dynasty began to weaken as several states/provinces attempted to dominate and establish their own dynasty. What are some potential reasons for the weakening of the Zhou Dynasty and the period of civil war that followed?

Period of the Warring States Time of rivalry between competing states Time of rivalry between competing states Rise of regional kingdoms, as competing states annexed smaller territories Rise of regional kingdoms, as competing states annexed smaller territories Emphasis on warfare in popular culture and literature Emphasis on warfare in popular culture and literature Eventually, there would arise an emphasis on unity and the unification of China Eventually, there would arise an emphasis on unity and the unification of China

Period of the Warring States Advancements in technology Advancements in technology Iron arms as opposed to the earlier bronze Iron arms as opposed to the earlier bronze Use of infantry Use of infantry Development of calvary Development of calvary

Essential Question Who was Laozi and how did his teachings attempt to bring peace to Chinese society?

Daoism Based on the teachings of Laozi Based on the teachings of Laozi Lived roughly the same time as Confucius Lived roughly the same time as Confucius Faced with same uncertain and chaotic times as Confucius, Laozi came up with a different answer on how to find peace and restore order to society. Faced with same uncertain and chaotic times as Confucius, Laozi came up with a different answer on how to find peace and restore order to society.

Daoism Reading Read and text-mark the first 3 paragraphs of the handout. Read and text-mark the first 3 paragraphs of the handout. Text-mark= circle main ideas, underline supporting details, box unfamiliar terms Text-mark= circle main ideas, underline supporting details, box unfamiliar terms On a separate sheet of paper, answer the discussion questions. On a separate sheet of paper, answer the discussion questions.

Daoism Yin and Yang- opposing forces of nature Yin and Yang- opposing forces of nature Daoists believe good and bad are connected- believe whatever happens is simply part of yin/yang Daoists believe good and bad are connected- believe whatever happens is simply part of yin/yang Homework: Read the last section of the handout (what Laozi thought about government). Answer first discussion question, then compare/contrast Daosim and Confucianism. Homework: Read the last section of the handout (what Laozi thought about government). Answer first discussion question, then compare/contrast Daosim and Confucianism.

Order of Operations Discuss Laozi’s ideas about the role of government Discuss Laozi’s ideas about the role of government Briefly define and discuss Legalism Briefly define and discuss Legalism Compare and Contrast Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Compare and Contrast Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism

Legalism More fully developed by Hanfeizi in the 200s B.C. More fully developed by Hanfeizi in the 200s B.C. Disagreed with the idea that honorable men in government could bring peace Disagreed with the idea that honorable men in government could bring peace Believed that people are naturally evil Believed that people are naturally evil Society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment to force people to do their duty Society needs a system of harsh laws and strict punishment to force people to do their duty Aristocrats liked it, because it favored force and didn’t require rulers to be kind Aristocrats liked it, because it favored force and didn’t require rulers to be kind

Activity Using the material given to you, notes, and textbook (pages ) you will: Using the material given to you, notes, and textbook (pages ) you will: Construct a chart, Venn diagram, or other visual representation comparing/contrasting Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Construct a chart, Venn diagram, or other visual representation comparing/contrasting Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Then write a 3-5 sentence paragraph telling me which system you think is best and why. Then write a 3-5 sentence paragraph telling me which system you think is best and why. Due at beginning of class tomorrow (October 2) Due at beginning of class tomorrow (October 2)