: The World at War : The World at War

The Issues at Hand WWI was about the balance of power in Europe The mood in Europe is very tense leading to WWI Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, & Nationalism (M.A.I.N.) were the main causes of the tension Germany especially threatened peace by building their military and threatening their neighboring countries

The Major Players RUSSIARUSSIAGREATBRITAINGREATBRITAIN FRANCEFRANCE Allied Powers: AUSTRIA- HUNGARY GERMANYGERMANY ITALYITALY Central Powers: TURKEYTURKEY UNITEDSTATES

Europe in 1914

The “Spark”

The Powder Keg of Europe  The Balkan area of Europe was known as the powder keg (something that will explode easily)  Ethnic groups in the area were desperate to win their independence from imperialistic nations.

Bosnia and Austria-Hungary Imperialism at its Best Austria takes over Bosnia in 1908 Bosnians are not happy with the take over Serbia is also not happy (They are neighbors and friends with Bosnia) Bosnians and Serbians want freedom for Bosnia There all small skirmishes between Serbia and Austria-Hungary for several years over Bosnia

The Assassination Death On June 28, 1914 the royal family of Austria is visiting Bosnia to Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sofia were shot at point blank range Imperialist Dogs The assassin was Gavrilo Principe, a Serbian and member of a secret society called the Black Hand who wanted freedom for Bosnia

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

Alliances Take Shape The Rest of the World Germany Great Britain Belgium (What the heck did we do?) AustriaSerbia RussiaFrance

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Who’s To Blame?

A New War: New Technology

The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

Machine Guns

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

U-Boats

The Zeppelin

Poison Gas m/watch?v=j48GDZKZ TUo

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

U-Boats  Germany has technologically advanced submarines- commonly referred to as U- boats (unterseeboot)  Britain blockaded the German coast and blocked German ships access to land  In response, Germany used the U-boats to threatened to sink any ship they found in waters they controlled

U-boats  Small subs with a crew of 24  Larger subs with a crew of 60  44 by 1918  By 1918, Germany sunk 6,500 allied ships using subs

The Lusitania  On May 7, 1915 Germany sunk a British passenger ship  The Germans believed the ship was carrying weapons and ammunition  1,198 people were killed, including 128 Americans  Germany apologized and offered to restrict use of u-boats to attempt to keep America out of the war

The U.S. Enters the War

 The U.S. carefully monitored the war in Europe following the sinking of the Lusitania, but did not send troops  U.S. involvement came after sending of the Zimmerman telegram from Germany to Mexico  The telegram ask Mexico to attack the U.S. on behalf of Germany  In return, Mexico would get back the states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona  The U.S. declared war on Germany in April 1917

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Yanks Are Coming! ch?v=Aed8-0C6XcY ch?v=Aed8-0C6XcYThe Yanks Are Coming! hhhh tttt tttt pppp :::: //// //// wwww wwww wwww.... yyyy oooo uuuu tttt uuuu bbbb eeee.... cccc oooo mmmm //// wwww aaaa tttt cccc hhhh ???? vvvv ==== AAAA eeee dddd CCCC 6666 XXXX cccc YYYY

Trench Warfare

 Trench warfare was a new fighting style that emerged during WWI that caused the war to turn into a stalemate  It consisted of 2 lines of deep trenches and the middle was known as No Man’s Land  Soldiers would stay down in the trenches and when it was time to fight, they would climb out and run into No Man’s Land for battle- Called “going over the top)  Trench warfare was extremely deadly and caused the war to drag on for many years

Trench Warfare

No Man’s Land  Patrols were often sent into No Man’s Land to spy on the enemy  Guns were left behind to prevent them from being fired and alerting the enemy to your presence  When enemy patrols met, they often ignored one another to prevent wide fighting or engaged in hand to hand combat  Barbed wired protected each trench and often was scattered throughout No Man’s Land

Life in the Trenches  Soldiers were warned to never look over the top to avoid being shot by a sniper’s shot  Water collected waste deep in the trenches causing trench foot which rotted the flesh and led to amputation  Dead soldiers were left in the trenches until they could be moved behind the lines and buried  Rats invaded the trenches by the thousands to eat the dead soldiers  

Americans in the Trenches

Trench Life  Lice and frogs were constant companions for soldiers  The smells of rotting flesh, dead bodies, overflowing latrines, and men who had not had baths in months was likely the worst part of trench life

War!!

Soldier Suffering From Trench Foot

Sacrifices in War

The War to end all Wars

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

9,000,000 Dead Soldiers 9,000,000 Dead Soldiers

World War I Casualties

The Treaty of Versailles  The treaty to end WWI was signed in 1919  It was negotiated by the “Big 4” – US, Britain, France, Italy  The treaty punished Germany severely – Had to take all responsibility for war – Had to pay $53 billion in damages – Had to reduce their military – Had to give up their colonies  The treaty also called for the forming of the League of Nations – A group that would monitor and try to maintain world peace

The Cost of War $400 Billion $10 Million an hour 16 Million Deaths

Additional Impact of WWI  Starvation, inadequate housing throughout Europe hampered rebuilding efforts and lead to strikes and protests  Women were given the right to vote due to their contributions to the war  Anger and resentment over the out come of the Treaty of Versailles would eventually set up conditions for WWII – Germany would want revenge for the humiliation they suffered under the treaty