: The World at War : The World at War
The Issues at Hand WWI was about the balance of power in Europe The mood in Europe is very tense leading to WWI Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, & Nationalism (M.A.I.N.) were the main causes of the tension Germany especially threatened peace by building their military and threatening their neighboring countries
The Major Players RUSSIARUSSIAGREATBRITAINGREATBRITAIN FRANCEFRANCE Allied Powers: AUSTRIA- HUNGARY GERMANYGERMANY ITALYITALY Central Powers: TURKEYTURKEY UNITEDSTATES
Europe in 1914
The “Spark”
The Powder Keg of Europe The Balkan area of Europe was known as the powder keg (something that will explode easily) Ethnic groups in the area were desperate to win their independence from imperialistic nations.
Bosnia and Austria-Hungary Imperialism at its Best Austria takes over Bosnia in 1908 Bosnians are not happy with the take over Serbia is also not happy (They are neighbors and friends with Bosnia) Bosnians and Serbians want freedom for Bosnia There all small skirmishes between Serbia and Austria-Hungary for several years over Bosnia
The Assassination Death On June 28, 1914 the royal family of Austria is visiting Bosnia to Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sofia were shot at point blank range Imperialist Dogs The assassin was Gavrilo Principe, a Serbian and member of a secret society called the Black Hand who wanted freedom for Bosnia
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The Assassination
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip
Alliances Take Shape The Rest of the World Germany Great Britain Belgium (What the heck did we do?) AustriaSerbia RussiaFrance
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Who’s To Blame?
A New War: New Technology
The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Machine Guns
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers
U-Boats
The Zeppelin
Poison Gas m/watch?v=j48GDZKZ TUo
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
U-Boats Germany has technologically advanced submarines- commonly referred to as U- boats (unterseeboot) Britain blockaded the German coast and blocked German ships access to land In response, Germany used the U-boats to threatened to sink any ship they found in waters they controlled
U-boats Small subs with a crew of 24 Larger subs with a crew of 60 44 by 1918 By 1918, Germany sunk 6,500 allied ships using subs
The Lusitania On May 7, 1915 Germany sunk a British passenger ship The Germans believed the ship was carrying weapons and ammunition 1,198 people were killed, including 128 Americans Germany apologized and offered to restrict use of u-boats to attempt to keep America out of the war
The U.S. Enters the War
The U.S. carefully monitored the war in Europe following the sinking of the Lusitania, but did not send troops U.S. involvement came after sending of the Zimmerman telegram from Germany to Mexico The telegram ask Mexico to attack the U.S. on behalf of Germany In return, Mexico would get back the states of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona The U.S. declared war on Germany in April 1917
The Zimmerman Telegram
The Yanks Are Coming! ch?v=Aed8-0C6XcY ch?v=Aed8-0C6XcYThe Yanks Are Coming! hhhh tttt tttt pppp :::: //// //// wwww wwww wwww.... yyyy oooo uuuu tttt uuuu bbbb eeee.... cccc oooo mmmm //// wwww aaaa tttt cccc hhhh ???? vvvv ==== AAAA eeee dddd CCCC 6666 XXXX cccc YYYY
Trench Warfare
Trench warfare was a new fighting style that emerged during WWI that caused the war to turn into a stalemate It consisted of 2 lines of deep trenches and the middle was known as No Man’s Land Soldiers would stay down in the trenches and when it was time to fight, they would climb out and run into No Man’s Land for battle- Called “going over the top) Trench warfare was extremely deadly and caused the war to drag on for many years
Trench Warfare
No Man’s Land Patrols were often sent into No Man’s Land to spy on the enemy Guns were left behind to prevent them from being fired and alerting the enemy to your presence When enemy patrols met, they often ignored one another to prevent wide fighting or engaged in hand to hand combat Barbed wired protected each trench and often was scattered throughout No Man’s Land
Life in the Trenches Soldiers were warned to never look over the top to avoid being shot by a sniper’s shot Water collected waste deep in the trenches causing trench foot which rotted the flesh and led to amputation Dead soldiers were left in the trenches until they could be moved behind the lines and buried Rats invaded the trenches by the thousands to eat the dead soldiers
Americans in the Trenches
Trench Life Lice and frogs were constant companions for soldiers The smells of rotting flesh, dead bodies, overflowing latrines, and men who had not had baths in months was likely the worst part of trench life
War!!
Soldier Suffering From Trench Foot
Sacrifices in War
The War to end all Wars
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
9,000,000 Dead Soldiers 9,000,000 Dead Soldiers
World War I Casualties
The Treaty of Versailles The treaty to end WWI was signed in 1919 It was negotiated by the “Big 4” – US, Britain, France, Italy The treaty punished Germany severely – Had to take all responsibility for war – Had to pay $53 billion in damages – Had to reduce their military – Had to give up their colonies The treaty also called for the forming of the League of Nations – A group that would monitor and try to maintain world peace
The Cost of War $400 Billion $10 Million an hour 16 Million Deaths
Additional Impact of WWI Starvation, inadequate housing throughout Europe hampered rebuilding efforts and lead to strikes and protests Women were given the right to vote due to their contributions to the war Anger and resentment over the out come of the Treaty of Versailles would eventually set up conditions for WWII – Germany would want revenge for the humiliation they suffered under the treaty