« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » "Doing Business in Malaysia & in ASEAN Economic Community: Priorities of the EU Services Sectors " Pascal Kerneis ESF (European Services Forum) Enhancing Cooperation: Innovation, Industry and Investments Kuala Lumpur, 26 April h00–17h30

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Insurance Banking Business services: IT & Computer; consulting, advertising, after-sales services, News Agencies Professional services:  Legal services,  Accountants,  Architects,  Engineers, etc. Construction services Distribution services Postal & Express Delivery Audio-visual services Energy related services Environmental services Telecommunication services Tourism Air Transport Maritime Transport For more information, see ESF Membership covers a large range of services sectors and Horizontal federations: BUSINESSEUROPE Confederation of Danish Industries (DI) Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK) Confederation of Swedish Enterprises (SN) Irish Business and Employers Confederation (IBEC Confederation of French Enterprises (MEDEF) &

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » ESF MEMBERS INCLUDE: For more information, see

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » World Economy: Percentage of GDP by Sector

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » EU is by very far the biggest exporter of services: 24% of world export of services If we take intra and extra EU together, EU export of services represent 42% of global export of services Services Exports in Millions $US - Source: World Bank & WTO THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EU IN GLOBAL SERVICES TRADE

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » 6 Text – Text 26 April 2012Source: Eurostat In Yellow is the EU Internal Market on Trade in Services (58% of total) 58% 42% INTEGRATION BOOSTS SERVICES TRADE

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Share of services in EU FDI 70% 53%54% Extra EU outward FDI stock of the EU - € Billion – Source: Eurostat Outflows of FDI to the world - $ Billion – Source: OECD Share of EU in World FDI Outflows “Other” is also: electricity, gas, water, construction, real estate… = Partly services

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Integration facilitates investment  Would that scenario also apply to AEC after 2015?

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » WTO UR ( ) DDA Offers (July 2008) WTO Accession since 2001 US FTA + New EU FTAs China Taiwan Saudi-Arabia Vietnam Ukraine Cambodia Russia Kazakhstan (?) CariForum (15) Korea Columbia Peru Central America (6) Mercosur (4)(?) MultilateralBilateral Canada India Singapore Malaysia Japan (?) Indonesia(?) Thailand(?) Vietnam Philippines(?) Taiwan (?) Market Acc + Public Proc.+ IPR + BIT + SOE + Reg. Coop. + US Parity Market Acc + Public Proc + Mode 4 + DDA+ Old EU FTA Mexico Chile Only 30 Countries, not 153 WTO Members! Market access level Current EU Trade Policy. Ukraine. Morocco. Egypt. Georgia. Jordan. Moldova. Tunisia (EU “Acquis”)

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Canada EU: (27) Implemented FTA: (18)Concluded FTA: (9) EPAs with ACP: (64) FTA under negotiations : (18) “Scoping Exercise”: (5) EU Bilateral Trade Agreements Mercosur (4) India Ukraine Singapore & Malaysia Korea Mexico Chile Peru Colombia Central America (6) Cariforum (15) Japan Indonesia Vietnam Philippines EPAs +/-50: WAEMU CEMAC COMESA EAC SADC EPA Pacific (14) Georgia, Moldova Thailand GCC suspended USA The EU FTA Negotiations are covering a very large number of countries, including key emerging countries (Russia PCA, BIT with China?)

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » EU Services Exports and Imports per sectors ( € million) 40%

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » ASEAN Countries are already big exporters of services CountriesValue (US$ Bio)World share (%)World rank EU68524,41 Singapore11246 Thailand341,215 Malaysia331,217 Indonesia160,623 Philippines130,527 Vietnam70,337 ASEAN 62157,63 USA51818,52 China1706,13 Source: WTO – ITS 2011

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » ASEAN Specific Commitments in the U. R. (or upon accession) Sectors Total Max Poss Brunei Cambodia (LDC) Indonesia Laos (LDC) Not yet a WTO Member Malaysia Myanmar (LDC) 213 Philippines Singapore ?5 ? Thailand Vietnam : Business Services; 2: Communication Services; 3: Construction & Related Engineering Services; 4: Distribution Services; 5: Education Services; 6: Environmental Services; 7: Financial Services; 8: Health Services, etc.; 9: Tourism, etc.; 10: Recreational Services, etc.; 11: Transport Services; 12: Other Services

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES IN A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  Attract FDI in Infrastructure services: Telecoms, IT related services, Logistics (Transports, Express Courier, Distribution, etc.), Energy distribution network, Water and Waste management, Financial services System, etc. Tourism (Hotel, travel, leisure, etc.) Experience shows that foreign service suppliers that invest in a country do it for a long period.  Attract transfers of expertise and of know-how of foreign service suppliers, which in turn initiate: Local jobs creations Staff vocational training, etc. Better quality of the services, Cheaper services, More choice for the consumers Reduction of the cost of doing business for local SMEs.

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Main barriers to FDI/Establishment (Mode3) in Services Sectors: Obligation to enter the market through joint venture Limitations on capital ownership Limitations on licences allotted to foreign companies Restrictions on branching, Lack of National Treatment in many services sectors Local employment requirements Long and burdensome administrative procedures Restrictions on real estate access Lack of transparency in domestic regulation (economic needs tests, etc.)

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » List of criteria that a CEO looks at when taking a decision to invest in a developing countries: Potential market (size, income per capita, follow the demand, i.e. corporate customers) Existing competition, special treatment for local players Benefits prospects at short, medium and long terms Good governance (level of corruption, transparency of the legislation, etc.) State of the regulation (existing barriers at all levels, independent regulatory authority, implementation of the regulations, i.e. Regulatory Certainty) FDI incentives (special zones, tax incentives, corporate tax, etc.) Business Environment (incl. availability of human capital, level of education) Country Risk Assessment: political stability, GATS/Trade agreement sector specific binding commitments, BITs, etc. i.e. the GATS/BITs/FTAs Commitments are only additional criterion for companies to tick. But they can often make the difference. For the Developing countries, it is an additional opportunity to seize as to attract FDI.

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » SERVICES SUB-SECTORS FOR LIBERALISATION announced by PRIME MINISTER (April 2009) 1.Business Services Regional Distribution Centre (CPC 87909). International Procurement Centre (CPC 87909). Technical Testing and Analysis Services (CPC 8676). Management Consulting Services (CPC 8650). 2Computer and Related Services (CPC 841; 842; 843; 844; 845; 849). 3Health and Social Services All veterinary services (CPC 9320). Welfare services to old person and the handicapped (CPC 93311); to children (CPC 93312); Child day-care services (CPC 93321); Vocational rehabilitation services for handicapped (CPC 93324). 4Tourism Services Theme Park (CPC 96194); Convention and Exhibition Centre (CPC 87909); Travel Agencies and Tour Operators Services (For inbound travel only) (CPC 7471); Hotel and Restaurant services (for 4 and 5 star hotels only) (CPC and CPC 64199); Food Serving Services (for services provided in 4 and 5 star hotels only) (CPC ). 5Sporting and other recreational services Sporting Services (CPC 9641) (Sports event promotion and organisation services) 6Transport Services Class C Freight Transportation (Private Carrier License – to transport own goods) (CPC 7123). Rental/Leasing Services without Operators Rental/Leasing services of ships that excludes cabotage and offshore trades (CPC 83103); Rental of cargo vessels without crew (Bareboat Charter) for international shipping (CPC 83103). Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Services Maritime Agency services (CPC 7454). Vessel salvage and refloating services (CPC 7454). Total = 6 services sectors, not 27; Autonomous liberalisation for Commitment at 5 digit level, i.e. extremely restrictive !

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Sector-by-Sector Analysis of Malaysia GATS DDA Revised Offer 1) Professional and Business Services Legal Services - No new offer since the UR – very limited commitments Accounting, Auditing and Bookkeeping Services – No new offer since the UR – very limited commitments Taxation Services – No new offer since the UR Architectural and Engineering services – New offer - Weak offer Computer and Related Services – acceptable offer Other Business Services - No offer – not enough 2)Communications Services Postal and courier services – Nothing new - no commitment in the Uruguay Round – weak offer Telecommunications – Nothing new - Weak offer Audiovisual – Nothing new 3)Construction Services – Weak offer 4)Education services – limited offer 5)Distribution Services - Nothing new - no commitment in the Uruguay Round, Bad Offer 6)Environmental Services – Nothing new – No commitment in the UR - Disappointing offer 7)Financial Services and Insurance – Weak offer 8)Health Services – Weak offer 9) Tourism Services – Nothing new – Disappointing offer 10) Transport services – No offer – weak offer

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Concrete examples of restrictions in Financial Services in Malaysia: Malaysia: Banking: 30% foreign equity cap; Malaysia: Banking & Insurance: Restriction to acquire shares in any other commercial or merchant bank (5%) Liberalisation package for the financial sector announced in April 2009: Issuance of new licences to strong and world-class players in categories:- o In 2009, up to 2 new Islamic banking licences to foreign players to establish new Islamic banks with paid-up capital of at least USD1 billion; o In 2009, up to 2 new commercial banking licences to foreign players that will bring in specialized expertise; o In 2011, up to 3 new commercial banking licences to world class banks that can offer significant value propositions to Malaysia; and o In 2009, up to 2 new family takaful licences. Flexibility will be accorded for an increase in the foreign equity limits from 49% to 70% of investment banks, Islamic banks, insurance companies and takaful operators. The foreign equity limit for domestic commercial banks will remain at the current 30%; Locally incorporated foreign commercial banks will be allowed to establish 4 new full-fledged branches with effect in 2010 and 10 microfinance branches with effect from this year; Labuan offshore players be given flexibility to establish an operational and management office in Kuala Lumpur; Greater flexibility will also be accorded for employment of expatriates in specialist areas that can contribute to the development of the financial sector. Autonomous Reform = complex and very limited

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » The European Services Companies would like therefore that Malaysia and ASEAN countries: substantially improve offers in the current DDA round; accept to bind existing practice, i.e. consolidation under the WTO rules all autonomous domestic reforms that have been undertaken since the end of the UR FS in 1997; create new business opportunities by allowing at least foreign equity majority ownership (51%); consider doing in regional EU-ASEAN RTA or in bilateral negotiations with the EU what is believed not doable in the WTO.

« The voice of the European Service Industries for International Trade Negotiations in Services » Pascal KERNEIS Managing Director European Services Forum – ESF 168, Avenue de Cortenbergh B – 1000 – BRUSSELS Tel: Fax: Website : THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !