COSC Wireless Networks Bala Kalyanasundaram

Relevant Text (for reference) Wireless Communications: Principles & Practice. Rappaport, Prentice Hall, Wireless and Personal Communications Systems. Garg and Wilkes, Prentice Hall, Wireless Personal Communications Systems. Goodman, Addison-Wesley, Bluetooth Revealed. Miller and Bisidikian, Prentice Hall, 2001.

Outline Historical Overview What happens when you make a call? Developments in US and Europe

Communication Acoustical Optical Mechanical Electrical wired wireless

Use of light as communication –heliographs, flags (semaphore),... –150 BC smoke signals for communication; (Greece) –1794, optical telegraph, Claude Chappe Electromagnetic Wave: – Faraday and Maxwell demonstrates electromagnetic induction and theory of electromagnetic fields –H. Hertz ( ): demonstrates the wave character of electrical transmission through space

Attributes of Telecommunication Speed - Ability to transmit in real-time Coverage - Regional, National and International Reliability Cost ’s: 20 word telegram $5-$100 Security

High Tech of 19 th Century 1850 – First submarine line 1858 – First transatlantic cable - breaks after 3 month 1866 – Higher quality cable - London to Bombay in 4 ½ mins – Telegram around the world in 80 secs.

1896 Guglielmo Marconi –first demonstration of wireless telegraphy –long wave transmission, high transmission power necessary ( +200kw) 1907 Commercial transatlantic connections –huge ground stations (30 by100m antennas) 1915 Wireless voice transmission NY - SF 1920 Discovery of short waves (< 100m) by Marconi –reflection at the ionosphere –(cheaper) smaller sender and receiver, possible due to the invention of the vacuum tube (1906, Lee DeForest and Robert von Lieben)

1920 First commercial radio broadcast in Pgh many TV broadcast trials 1933 Frequency modulation (E. H. Armstrong) 1935 First telephone call around the world 1958, then 1972A-Netz and B-Netz in Germany –analog, 160MHz, connection setup from the fixed network too (but location of the mobile station has to be known) 1974 FCC allocates 40Mhz for Cellular telephony 1982 Start of GSM-specification in Europe (Global System for Mobile communication) 1983 Start of the American AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System, analog) 1984 CT-1 standard (Europe) for cordless telephones

1986 C-Netz in Germany –analog voice, 450MHz, hand-over possible, digital signaling, automatic location of mobile device –still in use today (as T-C-Tel), services: FAX, modem, X.25, , 98% coverageT-C-Tel 1991 Specification of DECTDECT –Digital European Cordless Telephone (today: Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) - ~ m range, 120 duplex channels, 1.2Mbit/s data transmission, voice encryption, authentication 1992 Start of GSM –fully digital, 900MHz, 124 channels –automatic location, hand-over, cellular –roaming in Europe - now worldwide in more than 100 countries –services: data with 9.6kbit/s, FAX, voice,...

1994E-Netz in Germany –GSM with 1800MHz, smaller cells, supported by 11 countries 1996HiperLAN (High Performance Radio Local Area Network) –standardization of type 1: GHz, 23.5Mbit/s –recommendations for type 2 and 3 (both 5GHz) and 4 (17GHz) as wireless ATM-networks (up to 155Mbit/s) 1997Wireless LAN - IEEE –IEEE-Standard, GHz and infrared, 2Mbit/sIEEE-Standard –already many products (with proprietary extensions) 1998Specification of GSM successors –for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) as European proposals for IMT-2000IMT-2000

cellular phonessatellites wireless LAN cordless phones 1992: GSM 1994: DCS ?: UMTS/IMT : CT : Inmarsat-A 1992: Inmarsat-B Inmarsat-M 1998: Iridium 1989: CT : DECT 199x: proprietary 1995/96/97: IEEE , HIPERLAN 2005?: MBS, WATM 1988: Inmarsat-C analog digital 1991: D-AMPS 1991: CDMA 1981: NMT : NMT : CT0 1984: CT1 1983: AMPS 1993: PDC