1 The Pemberton DNA Project Jackson Pemberton A brief overview of genealogical DNA, how it works, and what the Pemberton DNA Project is doing.

2 Introduction What is the Pemberton DNA Project? How does genealogical DNA work? August 2010: Project started Feb 2011: George P Cheshire, 1685, DNA proved Mar 2011: George Victor P same common ancestor Mar 2012: Huguenot P’s DNA identified Sept 2012: New Zealand ffrench P’s DNA Sept 2013: Pennsylvania P’s DNA ??? Sept 2014: Pemberton’s Previous Surname ???

3 Agenda Introduction Questions from the audience Vocabulary How genealogical DNA works Proving George P’s, 1685, Cheshire DNA Helping George Victor’s research effort The Huguenot Pembertons The ffrench Pemberton New Zealanders Finding the ancient Pemberton root(s)

4 How Genealogical DNA Works Sons’ Striped Shirts --> Dad’s Striped Shirt --> Grandson’s Shirts One marker has changed value

5 Vocabulary Genome DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) Marker Mutation Marker value Markers’ Min, Max & Mode values MRCA (Most Recent Common Ancestor) Y-DNA

6 Proving George P’s 1685 DNA Feb 2011: Three P’s with known MRCA Their 3 tests show one different marker each Mode is established (2 out of 3 sets the mode) The common ancestor’s DNA is the mode Only the mode could produce the 3 results Cheshire George’s 1685 DNA is proved Questions?

7 Proving George P’s 1685 DNA This chart shows the 4 markers that differ from the mode; one in each of four samples. Robert’s profile is identical to the mode!

8 Proving George P’s 1660 DNA

9 Cheshire George Victor’s DNA March 2011: Test of George Victor of Tarvin, Cheshire, shows that he also descends from the same George or one of the latter’s ancestors. The fact that he only has one marker different strongly suggests that the MRCA is not very many generations back. Documentary research is now rightly focused on this same George, 1685.

10 The Huguenot Pembertons First few DNA samples: one very different March 2012: new identical sample results Both lines are traced to Manakintown, VA Descendents of Richard Pemberton

11 The ffrench-Pemberton Branch John Stuart Pemberton of Waikato, New Zealand: son of Stuart ffrench P, Frederick ffrench P, Charles ffrench P, and Robert P "This family is descended from a Robert Pemberton ( ) concerning whose parentage there was always a mystery.” R. C. B. Pemberton, ca DNA from this line is waiting at the laboratory at Family Tree DNA

12 The ffrench-Pemberton Branch from John Stuart P, August 1, 2012: Some details of Robert Pemberton: 1) Foundling Hospital, Coram's Fields, London, UK. Family history suggests he was given the name of one of the Foundling Home's Directors. 2) Foundling Home Nursery Book, , No. 4, records his number as and the fact that he was sent out to nurse on 8 May 1788 and returned on the 7 October 1793.

13 The ffrench-Pemberton Branch 3) At about 14 years of age, he was apprenticed to Edward Southbrook to be "instructed in household business till the age of 21 years" 4) Robert was [ born 1788 and] adopted in 1801 by Edward Southbrook and Georgina Charlotte Augusta Southbrook (nee Denoyer). Was he really a Pemberton? (Yes, of course.) Does his gggggrandson’s DNA match other Pembertons?

14 Finding the Ancient P’s DNA 1. Identify the Pemberton branches 2. Look for matching DNA in other surnames that are known possible ancestors of the Pemberton family 3. De Windle, Orrell, Villier, Tratford, ??

15 Summary DNA is a powerful research support tool DNA tests can be cost effective Eleven tests show only two branches More tests are needed to assure the identification of the major family branches Tests are needed from Pennsylvania line Tests are needed from other known lines The Pemberton DNA Project General Fund

16 Where to Get More Information Family Tree DNA is hosting our project FTDNA has free webinars and other training materials: familytreeDNA.com Guild of One-Name Studies has a good DNA support section: one-name.org