Transitional Kindergarten Implementation Summit Alignment of the California Preschool Learning Foundations with the Common Core State Standards November 8, 2011 Presenters: Peter L. Mangione, WestEd Osnat Zur, WestEd This presentation is drawn from a project of the California Department of Education, Child Development Division

The Preschool Learning Foundations Goal: To strengthen preschool education and children’s school readiness Developed by researchers, early childhood educators, and other stakeholders. Age Range: Describe key knowledge and skills that children acquire with appropriate support At around 48 months of age At around 60 months of age Cover nine developmental domains

Preschool Learning Foundations Preschool Learning Foundations, Volume 1 Social-Emotional Development Language and Literacy English-Language Development Mathematics Preschool Learning Foundations, Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Preschool Learning Foundations, Volume 3 History-Social Science Science

The Common Core State Standards Goal: Clear and consistent goals for learning, to prepare America’s children for success in college and work Led by the National Governors Association (NGA), and the Council of Chief State School Offices (CCSSO), and developed in collaboration with a variety of stakeholders Age Range: Standards for every grade level (K-12th grade) Domains: English-Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects. Mathematics

The Alignment Draws the connection between the preschool learning foundations in the domains: Language and Literacy Mathematics and the corresponding common core state standards. Illustrates the developmental progression of key foundations in these domains, as they relate to specific common core state standards

Aspects to Consider in Reviewing the Alignment: Organization of the two resources: Each of the documents groups standards or foundations into domains The standards/foundations in a domain are organized in key content areas (referred to as strands in the preschool foundations) Specific foundations within the strands are organized in subgroups (referred to as substrands in the preschool foundations).

Aspects to Consider in Reviewing the Alignment: Key Characteristics of Early Learning and Development: Differences among different age periods: The preschool foundations and the kindergarten common core state standards were written for children at different age periods. The foundations/standards reflect these developmental differences.

Key Characteristics of Early Learning and Development: Differentiation of Competencies as Children Learn and Develop Some developments reflect continuous growth, with quantitative change over time (e.g, vocabulary growth) Other developments result in qualitative changes and the emergence of new competencies (e.g., the ability to write). Many of the competencies described at the preschool level become more differentiated and lead to more specific competencies at the kindergarten level.

Alignment with Common Core Standards: Language and Literacy Preschool Foundations Common Core Standards-KG Domain: Language & Literacy Domain: English-Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects. The Common Core State Standards present a broad picture of literacy across different academic subjects.

Language and Literacy Alignment at Strand Level: The preschool learning foundations and the common core state standards are organized according to the same basic categories (strands): listening and speaking, reading and writing. The common core state standards also include a strand identified as language standards. It includes standards for grammar and vocabulary, covered under listening and speaking in the preschool foundations.

Language and Literacy Alignment at Strand Level: Common Core Standards-KG Preschool Foundations Listening and Speaking Reading Writing Speaking and Listening Language Standards Reading Standards for Literature Reading Standards for Informational Texts Reading Standards: Foundational Skills Writing Standards

Language and Literacy Alignment at Substrand Level: Specific preschool foundations in each strand are grouped in substrands Specific common core state standards are organized according to key areas, overarching College and Career Readiness (CCR) anchor standards The alignment draws the connection between substrands in the preschool foundations and common core anchor standards.

Preschool Foundations: Listening and Speaking Substrands: Common Core Standards- K Anchor Standards Speaking & Listening Comprehension and Collaboration Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas Language Standards Vocabulary Acquisition and Use Conventions of Standard English 1.0 Language use and Conventions 2.0 Vocabulary 3.0 Grammar

Preschool Foundations: Reading Common Core Standards- KG Anchor Standards Preschool Foundations Substrands Print Concepts Craft and Structure Phonological Awareness Phonics and Word Recognition Key Ideas and Details Integration of knowledge and ideas ------------------------- 1.0 Concepts about Print 2.0 Phonological Awareness 3.0 Alphabetics and word/print recognition 4.0 Comprehension and analysis of age-appropriate text 5.0 Literacy interest and response

Writing Preschool Foundations Common Core Standards- K Substrand Common Core Standards- K Anchor Standards 1.0 Writing Strategies ------------------------- Text Types and Purposes Production and Distribution of Writing Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Language and Literacy Alignment Analysis: Substantial correspondence in content between the preschool foundations and the common core state standards in all areas Certain common core standards focus on skills that emerge in kindergarten, and therefore have no corresponding content in the preschool foundations: Reading Fluency (Read text with purpose and understanding) Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity Writing Production and Distribution of Writing Research to Build and Present Knowledge

Developmental Progression Across Age-Levels Example: Concepts about Print Preschool Foundations At around 60 months Common Core Standards-K Concepts about Print 1.1 Display appropriate book-handling behaviors and knowledge of print conventions. 1.2 Understand that print is something that is read and has specific meaning Print Concepts 1. Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print. Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page. Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters. Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.

Developmental Progression Across Age-Levels Example: Writing Common Core Standards-K Preschool Foundations At around 60 months Writing Strategies 1.1 Adjust grasp and body position for increased control in drawing and writing. 1.2 Writes letter or letter-like shapes to represent words or ideas. 1.3 Writes first name nearly correctly. Text Types and Purposes 1. Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces in which they tell a reader the topic or the name of the book they are writing about and state an opinion or preference about the topic or book (e.g., My favorite book is . . .).   2. Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/explanatory texts in which they name what they are writing about and supply some information about the topic. 3. Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to narrate a single event or several loosely linked events, tell about the events in the order in which they occurred, and provide a reaction to what happened.

Domain: Mathematics Alignment of the Preschool Learning Foundations and the Kindergarten Common Core State Standards

Strands in the Preschool Learning Foundations in Mathematics Domain Number Sense Classification & Patterning Mathematical Reasoning Measurement Geometry Cover five main developmental strands: Number Sense Algebra & Functions (Classification and Patterning) Measurement Geometry Mathematical Reasoning   High degree of alignment with NCTM standards and CA K-12 content standards- Add more details. Expand on the standards identified by NCTM- age specific expectations in key areas (No Separate Data Analysis) Here- Mathematical Reasoning at the center- relates to all areas.

Organization of the Common Core State Standards- Mathematics Domain Standards for Mathematical Content Counting and Cardinality Operations and Algebraic Thinking Number and Operations in Base Ten Measurement and Data Geometry Standards for Mathematical Practice Eight key processes and proficiencies that apply to all content areas in all grade-levels

Mathematics Alignment at Strand Level: Preschool Foundations Common Core Standards-K Number Sense Algebra and Functions (Classification and Patterning) Measurement Geometry Mathematical Reasoning Counting and Cardinality Operations and Algebraic Thinking Number and Operations in Base Ten Measurement and Data Geometry Mathematical Practices

Mathematics Alignment at Strand Level: Even though the preschool foundations and the common core standards are organized somewhat differently, overall, both cover the same key areas in mathematics. Differences in organization: Content related to number sense in the preschool learning foundations is represented in two key area in the common core state standards: counting and cardinality, and operations and algebraic thinking. Content in number and operations in base ten of the Common Core State Standards is too advanced for it to have corresponding content in the preschool foundations. Content related to Classification appears under algebra and function in the preschool foundations, and under measurement and data in the Common Core State Standards.

Preschool Foundations: Number Sense Common Core Standards- K Preschool Foundations Substrands: 1.0 Children understand numbers and quantities in the their everyday environment 2.0 Children understand number relationships and operations in their everyday environment ------------------------------------ Counting and Cardinality Know number names and the count sequence Count to tell the number of objects Compare numbers Operations and Algebraic Thinking Understand addition as putting together and adding to, and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking from. Number and Operations in Base Ten Work with numbers 11-19 to gain foundations for place vale.

Preschool Foundations: Algebra and Functions (Classification and Patterning) Common Core Standards- K Preschool Foundations Substrands 1.0 Children sort and classify objects in their everyday environment 2.0 Children recognize/expand understanding of simple repeating patterns. Measurement and Data Classify objects and count the number of objects in categories. ----------------------------

Preschool Foundations: Measurement Common Core Standards- K Preschool Foundations Substrand 1.0 Children compare, order, and measure objects Measurement and Data Describe and compare measurable attributes.

Preschool Foundations: Geometry Substrands Common Core Standards- K 1.0 Children identify and use shapes 2.0 Children understand positions in space Geometry Identify and describe shapes Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes

Preschool Foundations: Mathematical Reasoning Common Core Standards- K Preschool Foundations Substrand Standards for Mathematical Practices Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them Reason abstractly and quantitatively   Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others Model with mathematics Use appropriate tools strategically. Attend to precision. Look for and make use of structure Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning 1.0 Children use mathematical thinking to solve problems in their everyday environment

Mathematics Alignment at Substrand Level: For almost every substrand of the preschool learning foundations, there is a category in the common core state standards with corresponding content. The Common Core State Standards Include differentiated standards in mathematical reasoning Do not include standards related to patterning, subitizing (number sense), and measuring length (measurement). Developmental progression across age-levels in every substrand

Developmental Progression Across Age-Levels Example: Number Sense (Counting) Preschool Foundations At around 60 months Common Core Standards- K Know number names and the count sequence. Count to 100 by ones and by tens.  Count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at 1). 1.1 Recites numbers in order to twenty with increasing accuracy.

Developmental Progression Across Age-Levels Example: Geometry (Shapes) Preschool Foundations At around 60 months Common Core Standards- K 1.1 Identify, describe, and construct a variety of different shapes, including variations of circle, triangle, rectangle, square, and other shapes. Identify and describe shapes (squares, circles, triangles, hexagons, cubes, cones, cylinders, and spheres).  Correctly name shapes regardless of their orientations or overall size. Identify shapes as two-dimensional (lying in a plane, “flat”) or three-dimensional (“solid”). Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes. Analyze and compare two- and three-dimensional shapes, in different sizes and orientations, using informal language to describe their similarities, differences, parts (e.g., number of sides and vertices/”corners”) and other attributes (e.g., having sides of equal length).

In Summary, The alignment indicates substantial correspondence in content between the preschool learning foundations and the common core state standards. The two documents cover the same key areas in language & literacy and in mathematics, even when the content is organized somewhat differently in the preschool foundations and in the common core standards. The alignment illustrates a developmental progression across age-levels, and the differentiation of competencies as children learn and develop.

Alignment of the Preschool Learning Foundations in English-Language Development with the K-12 Content Standards in English Language Development

The Preschool Learning Foundations in English-Language Development Describe a typical developmental progression in four general categories of English acquisition: listening, speaking, reading, and writing Describe a continuum of “beginning,” “middle,” and “later” stages of English acquisition for every foundation.

The K-12 Content Standards in English Language Development Include standards in three main areas: listening and speaking, reading, writing Describe standards in three levels, “beginning,” “intermediate” and “advanced”. Children proceed through these levels based on their individual progress in listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.

Aspects to Consider in Reviewing the Alignment in the ELD Domain: The K-12 English-language development standards do not represent a developmental progression from preschool to kindergarten, and therefore it is not possible to align specific preschool foundations to specific K-12 standards in the ELD Domain. The alignment only points to corresponding content areas (substrands) in the preschool foundations and the K-12 ELD standards, but does not identify the next level in English acquisition for children entering kindergarten.

English-Language Development Alignment at Strand Level: The preschool learning foundations and the kindergarten content standards are organized according to the same basic categories (strands): listening and speaking, reading and writing. Both documents describe a continuum of English-language development across three levels.

English-Language Development Alignment at Strand Level: Preschool Foundations K-12 ELD Standards Listening Speaking Reading Writing Listening and Speaking Reading Writing

English Language Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Listening Preschool Foundations K-12 Standards Listening Children listen with Understanding Listening and Speaking Strategies and Applications; Comprehension And elements from: Reading Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development; Vocabulary and concept Development

English Language Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Speaking Preschool Foundations K-12 Standards Speaking Children use nonverbal and verbal strategies to communicate with others Children use language to create narratives Children begin to understand and use social conventions in English Listening and Speaking Strategies and Applications; Organization and delivery of oral communication Reading Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development; Vocabulary and concept Development Strategies and applications; Comprehension; Organization and Delivery of Oral Communication

English Language Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Reading Preschool Foundations K-12 Standards Reading Children demonstrate an appreciation and enjoyment of reading and literature Children show an increasing understanding of book reading Children demonstrate an understanding of print conventions. Children demonstrate awareness that print carries meaning Reading ------------------ Reading Comprehension; Comprehension and analysis of grade-level appropriate text; structural features of informational materials Reading Comprehension; Comprehension and analysis of grade-level appropriate text -------------------

English Language Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Reading Preschool Foundations K-12 Standards Reading Children demonstrate progress in their knowledge of the alphabet in English Children demonstrate phonological awareness Reading Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development; Phonemic Awareness; Decoding and Word Recognition

English Language Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Writing Preschool Foundations K-12 Standards Writing Children use writing to communicate their ideas Writing Strategies and Applications; Penmanship; Organization and Focus

English Language Development Alignment Analysis All substrands in the preschool learning foundations are aligned with a kindergarten ELD substrand with corresponding content, except for the following preschool substrands: Children demonstrate an appreciation and enjoyment of reading and literature Children demonstrate awareness that print carries meaning

Alignment of the Preschool Learning Foundations in Social-Emotional Development with the Kindergarten Content Standards in Health: Mental, Emotional, and Social Health

Alignment with the Kindergarten Content Standards: Social-Emotional Development Preschool Foundations K Content Standards Domain: Social-Emotional Development Domain: Health Mental, Emotional, and Social Health

Social-Emotional Development : Alignment with Kindergarten Content Standards The kindergarten content standards related to social-emotional development are included as part of the health domain, under the strand, mental, emotional and social health, rather than as a separate domain. Some, but not all, of the content in the preschool domain Social-Emotional Development aligns with the mental, emotional, and social health strand of the kindergarten Health domain.

Social-Emotional Development Alignment at Strand Level: Preschool Foundations Content Standards- K Social-Emotional Development Self Social Interaction Relationships Health Mental, Emotional and Social Health

Social-Emotional Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Self Preschool Foundations Content Standards- K Self 1.0 Self Awareness 2.0 Self Regulation 3.0 Social and Emotional Understanding 4.0 Empathy and Caring 5.0 Initiative in Learning Essential Concepts Interpersonal Communication Practicing Health-Enhancing Behaviors Goal Setting Practicing Health Enhancing Behaviors ----------------------

Social-Emotional Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Social Interaction Preschool Foundations Content Standards- K Social Interaction 1.0 Interactions with Familiar Adults 2.0 Interactions with Peers 3.0 Group Participation 4.0 Cooperation and Responsibility ---------------------- Interpersonal Communication -----------------------

Social-Emotional Development Alignment at Substrand Level: Relationships Preschool Foundations Content Standards- K Relationships 1.0 Attachment to Parents 2.0 Close Relationships with Teachers and Caregivers 3.0 Friendships Essential Concepts Analyzing Influences Accessing Valid Information -----------------------

Social-Emotional-Development Alignment Analysis The Mental, Emotional, and Social Health content standards give a more narrow coverage of social-emotional development than the preschool learning foundations. The content in the preschool substrands initiative in learning, interaction with familiar adults, group participation, cooperation and responsibility, and friendships has no corresponding content in the kindergarten standards. The overlapping content between preschool foundations and kindergarten standards in social-emotional development illustrates a progression across age-levels.

For questions or additional information, you may contact: Peter L. Mangione Center for Child and Family Studies, WestEd pmangio@wested.org Osnat Zur ozur@wested.org