A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC Fifth Edition Chapter 5 The Motherboard

2 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition You Will Learn… About the types of motherboards About components on the motherboard A basic procedure for building a computer How to install a motherboard How to troubleshoot a motherboard

3 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Motherboards House the CPU Allow devices to communicate with it and each other Most popular: AT and ATX  ATX More power-management features Support faster systems Easier to install Selection of motherboard determines capabilities and limitations of the system

4 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Typical AT Motherboard

5 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Typical ATX Motherboard

6 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Motherboard Components CPU and accompanying chip set ROM BIOS RAM Buses and expansion slots Components used to change hardware configuration settings  Jumpers  DIP switches  CMOS configuration chip

7 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Basic Components of a CPU Input/output (I/O) unit Arithmetic logic unit(s) (ALU) Control unit

8 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition How the CPU Works

9 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Attributes Used to Rate CPUs Processor core speed (measured in gigahertz) Word size and data path Efficiency/special functionality of programming code System bus speeds the processor supports

10 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Attributes Used to Rate CPUs ( continued ) Amount of memory included with the CPU (internal and external cache) Type of RAM, motherboard, and chip set the processor supports Multiprocessor ability

11 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition The Pentiums Two ALUs (a true multiprocessor) 64-bit external path size and two 32-bit internal paths (one for each ALU) Terminology  Bus speed  Processor speed  Multiplier  Memory cache

12 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Memory Cache

13 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Pentium III

14 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Pentium 4

15 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition AMD Processors ( continued )

16 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition VIA C3 Processor

17 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition 64-Bit Processors Intel Itaniums AMD 64-bit processors

18 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition The Itanium 2 Processor

19 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition AMD 64-Bit Processors

20 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Heat Sinks and Cooling Fans

21 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Combination Heat Sink and Cooling Fan

22 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Package Types SECC SECC2 SEP PPGA PGA OOI/OLGA FC-PGA FC-PGA2 PAC CPGA OPGA μPGA

23 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Slots and Sockets Motherboard and processor must match Slots 1 and 2 are proprietary Intel slots Slot A and Socket A are proprietary AMD connectors

24 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Slots and Sockets ( continued )

25 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Slots and Sockets ( continued )

26 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Voltage Requirements

27 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Voltage Regulator Dual-voltage CPUs Single-voltage CPUs Voltage regulator module (VRM) controls amount of voltage to the CPU

28 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CPU Voltage Regulator ( continued )

29 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Accelerated Hub Architecture

30 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Configuring and Updating ROM BIOS Update BIOS only if you’re having a problem with your motherboard or there’s a new feature you want to use Flash ROM BIOS upgrades for most BIOS manufacturers can be downloaded from

31 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Buses and Expansion Slots Buses evolved around data path and speed Local bus (system) and expansion bus (ISA) Buses carry electrical power, control signals, memory addresses, and data On-board ports, connectors, and riser slots

32 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Bus Connections

33 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition On-Board Ports, Connectors, and Riser Slots

34 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Hardware Configuration Setup data stored by DIP switches Setup data stored by jumpers Setup data stored in CMOS memory

35 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup Data Stored by DIP Switches

36 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup Data Stored by Jumpers

37 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup Data Stored by Jumpers ( continued )

38 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setup Data Stored in CMOS Memory Also called real-time clock/nonvolatile RAM (RTC/NVRAM) chip Retains data even when computer is turned off Setup cannot be changed unintentionally, but disk drive must be working before you can change the setup

39 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CMOS Setup Main Menu

40 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CMOS Setup Power Menu

41 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CMOS Setup Boot Menu

42 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CMOS Setup Exit Menu

43 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Battery Power to CMOS Memory Types of CMOS batteries  3.6V lithium battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip  4.5V alkaline battery with a four-pin connector; connects with a Velcro strip  3.6V barrel-style battery with a two-pin connector; soldered on  3V lithium coin-cell battery (most common)

44 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition CMOS Setting startup passwords in CMOS Categories of CMOS settings  Standard  BIOS Features Menu  Advanced Chip Set Setup  Power Management Menu  IDE HDD Auto-detect  Hardware Device Settings

45 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Protecting Documentation and Configuration Settings Keep up-to-date written records of CMOS settings, hardware and software installed, and network settings Keep well-labeled documentation in a safe place Can also save and restore CMOS settings using third-party utility software

46 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Building a Computer 1.Verify that you have all parts you plan to install 2.Prepare computer case 3.Install drives 4.Determine proper configuration settings for motherboard 5.Set jumpers or switches on motherboard 6.Install CPU and CPU cooler

47 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Building a Computer ( continued ) 7.Install RAM 8.Install motherboard and attach cabling 9.Install video card 10.Plug computer into power source; attach monitor and keyboard 11.Boot system and enter CMOS setup 12.Make sure settings are set to the default

48 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Building a Computer ( continued ) 13.If booting from a floppy disk, insert a bootable setup disk 14.Observe POST 15.Prepare hard drive for the OS 16.Reboot system and run ScanDisk on drive C 17.Connect mouse

49 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Building a Computer ( continued ) 18.Install the OS from CD or floppy 19. Change boot order in CMOS 20.Check for conflicts with system resources 21.Install any other expansion cards, and/or drives 22.Verify that all is operating properly; make final OS and/or CMOS adjustments

50 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing the Motherboard Prepare motherboard to go in case  Set jumpers  Add CPU, fan, and heat sink Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 Installing a Pentium 4 in Socket 478

51 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setting the Jumpers

52 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Setting the Jumpers ( continued )

53 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1

54 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 ( continued )

55 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 ( continued )

56 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium II in Slot 1 ( continued )

57 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium 4 in Socket 478

58 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing a Pentium 4 in Socket 478 ( continued )

59 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing Motherboard in Case 1.Install faceplate 2.Install standoffs 3.Attach motherboard inside case with screws 4.Connect power cord from power supply to P1 power connection on motherboard 5.Connect wire leads from front panel of case to motherboard (reset switch, HDD LED, speaker, power LED, remote switch)

60 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing the Faceplate

61 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Installing the Faceplate ( continued )

62 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Standoffs and Screwholes

63 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Wire Connectors

64 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Troubleshooting the Motherboard and CPU Look for clues from POST  Reports errors as beep codes Cautiously substitute good hardware components for those you suspect are bad

65 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition Summary Types of motherboards Motherboard components Building a computer Installing the motherboard Troubleshooting the motherboard and CPU