The British Middle Ages Early Medieval Period ( 4th C. - 1066 ) Late Medieval Period (1066 - 1485 )

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The British Middle Ages Early Medieval Period ( 4th C ) Late Medieval Period ( )

Unifying Features Religion Feudalism

Religion Focus of the time : salvation Political and spiritual power Focal point of social life: Abbeys center of the town and birth of British drama Guardian of culture and education Gothic architecture and arts Hierarchy (hight and low clergy)

Feudalism: Economical Political Structure Social Hierarchical

Early Medieval Period MAIN FACT Anglo – Saxon Anglo – Saxon invasion

The Anglo - Saxons The Angles and the Saxons belonged to Germanic tribes SOCIETY: Nordic religion Strong military organisation Values ( high sense of honour and fidelity) Languge: Old EnglishOld English

Old English is a mixture of German dialects, the ones spoken by the Angles, the Saxons and the Iutes. Anglo – Saxons’ provenance

Where you can find all these information about Anglo – Saxons’ society? In Literature Epic poetry: BEOWULF

What is Beowulf? epic poem epic poem Beowulf is an epic poem composed during the 7 th century.epic poem It is anonymous. It recounts deed and legends of Anglo-Saxons. Old English oral tradition. The poem was written in Old English and it comes from oral tradition. oral tradition.oral tradition.

What is an epic poem? hero An epic poem is a poem that celebrate the deeds of a hero or civilisation.

Oral tradition Epic poetry was oral, handed out from generation to generation. Epic poetry uses language that was suitable to be remember. HOW? Density of repetition Use of reframe Incremental repetition Riddles

Late Medieval Period MAIN FACTS Norman invasions ( William The Conqueror)  : reign of Henry II – “ Common Law”  : reign of King John – 1215 Magna Carta  : Hundred Years’ War between England and France.  : The War of the Roses between the house of Lancaster and the House of York for accession to the throne; Henry VI ( ) and Richard III ( )

COMMON LAW Common Law definition: Judge-declared law. Law which exists and applies to a group on the basis of customs and legal precedents developed over hundreds of years in Britain. It is the basis of the modern jury system It was introduced by king Henry II ( )

The Conflict between Church and State Wiliam I refused to become the vassal of the Pope Assasination of Thomas Beckett by King Henry II Church was also made of : Corruption (The Monk of Geoffry Chaucer) Superstition (Supernatural ballades and Witchcraft) Pilgrimages (The Canterburry Tales)

A new social class: KNIGHTWOOD Figure of the knight and his noble values Chivalric or courtly literature : The Arthurian cycle Courtly love The Monk of Geoffry Chaucer shows as all about the new values of knightwood

Litterature Middle English (amalgam of French and English) Influence of French litterature (Romances of Chivalry and Love) Ballads Most popular form of poetry (anonymous songs handed over orally) Topics : Supernatural, tragic love-stories and border conflicts Main purpose: entertainment Receiver: EVERYBODY

Who was Geoffry Chaucer? Father of English litterature and first humanist: the first who wrote in Middle English ( ) son of a wine-merchant good education (Latin, French and Italian) life at court (Edward III, Richard II), travels Masterpiece (incomplete): The Canterbury Tales (1383)

Importance of The Canterbury Tales Poem in verse and prose 29 pilgrims tell 24 tales Characters from various social classes Human types Economic, social and moral dimension Portraits of personal and social relations fundamental image of medieval pilgrimage

Rabino Eleonora and Rmus Maria Rita