Women Make Progress 8.2 Colleges Leaders in social reform Had little rights

The Seneca Falls Declaration (1848) The Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848 outlined the women's rights movement of the mid-19th century. As can be seen in the opening passages, the document was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. “…We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. “

Reforming The Workplace Florence Kelley – Minimum Wage- Courts and Labor Laws Lochner v. NY 2. Muller v. Oregon 3. Bunting v. Oregon

The Temperance Crusade 4

18th Amendment

Margaret Sanger In 1921, she founded the American Birth Control League (ABCL) Today known as Planned Parenthood In 1923, she established the Clinical Research Bureau. The first legal birth control clinic in the U.S. Women were then able to control their own bodies. This movement educated women about existing birth control methods. A 1936, a Supreme Court decision declassified birth control information as obscene. -Eisenberg, Bonnie, and Mary Ruthsdotter. "Living the Legacy: the Women's Rights Movement 1848 - 1998." Women's Rights Movement. 1998. 5 June 2007 <http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html>. 6

Women’s Suffrage

Susan B. Anthony: In Favor of Women's Suffrage (1872) In this speech, given following her arrest for attempting to vote in the 1872 election, Anthony argues that respect for America's fundamental principles requires that women be allowed to vote. “In thus voting, I not only committed no crime, but, instead, simply exercised my citizen's right, guaranteed to me and all United States citizens by the National Constitution, beyond the power of any State to deny.” “It was we, the people, not we, the white male citizens, nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed this Union. And we formed it, not to give the blessings or liberty, but to secure them; not to the half of ourselves and the half of our posterity, but to the whole people-women as well as men. “

Susan B. Anthony

Two Organizations are formed National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) Founded by Anthony and Stanton The more radical woman's suffrage group. Accepted only women and opposed the Fifteenth Amendment since it only enfranchised African-American men. American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) More moderate in its views than the NWSA. Allowed men to join and rallied behind the Fifteenth Amendment as a step in the right direction toward greater civil rights for women. Leaders of the AWSA included Julia Ward Howe and Lucy Stone. 10

Women Gain the Vote NAWSA What approach to suffrage? How did the goals of the NWP differ from the NAWSA? How did Carrie Chapman Catt change the NAWSA? What was the result of the movement?

When the two groups reunited in 1890, the new National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) followed the direction set by Anthony and Stanton. 12

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Why the West? Special frontier conditions?—the Turner thesis. Women’s vote would offset votes of black men? Women’s vote would attract women settlers to the West? Women played an important role in the lives of westerners? 14

Women’s Suffrage Map

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns gave a new direction to the women’s rights movement. In 1913, Paul and Burns organized the National Woman’s Party (NWP), adopted the radical tactics of the British suffragettes, and campaigned for the first Equal Rights Amendment. Alice Paul (1885-1977), women's suffrage leader 16

Jan. 10, 1917: The NWP began to picket the White House.

Passage of the 19th Amendment Passed in 1919 “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”

Chronology of Women’s Suffrage 1869 Wyoming Territory grants suffrage to women. 1870 Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. 1880 New York state grants school suffrage to women. 1890 Wyoming joins the union as the first state with voting rights for women. By 1900 women also have full suffrage in Utah, Colorado and Idaho. New Zealand is the first nation to give women suffrage. 1902 Women of Australia are enfranchised. 1906 Women of Finland are enfranchised. 1912 Suffrage referendums are passed in Arizona, Kansas, and Oregon. 1914 Montana and Nevada grant voting rights to women. 1915 Women of Denmark are enfranchised. 1917 Women win the right to vote in North Dakota, Ohio, Indiana, Rhode Island, Nebraska, Michigan, New York, and Arkansas. 1918 Women of Austria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Scotland, and Wales are enfranchised. 1919 Women of Azerbaijan Republic, Belgium, British East Africa, Holland, Iceland, Luxembourg, Rhodesia, and Sweden are enfranchised.

Women’s Suffrage