Polyatomic Ions & Chemical Nomenclature Meyer 2013

Cations (+) need to be colored Blue Anions (-) need to be colored red All shapes need to be cut out and placed in a envelope

Poly atomic Ion Quiz +1 ammonium, NH 4 + acetate, C 2 H 3 O 2 -, or CH 3 COO - bromate, BrO 3 - chlorate, ClO 3 - chlorite, ClO 2 - cyanide, CN - hydrogen carbonate, HCO 3 - (also called bicarbonate) hydroxide, OH - hypochlorite, ClO - iodate, IO 3 - nitrate, NO 3 - nitrite, NO 2 - permanganate, MnO 4 - perchlorate, ClO 4 - thiocyanate, SCN - -2 carbonate, CO 3 -2 chromate, CrO 4 -2 dichromate, Cr 2 O 7 -2 oxalate, C 2 O 4 -2 peroxide, O 2 -2 sulfate, SO 4 -2 sulfite, SO phosphate, PO 4 -3 phosphite, PO 3 -3 arsenate, AsO 4 -3 Quiz 1 Wednesday Quiz 2 Thursday Quiz 3 Friday Found in Lab manual on Angle last pages

Chemical Nomenclature -Nomenclature is how chemical compounds are named -You will be expected to convert between Formula ↔ Name NaCl ↔ Sodium Chloride

Outline of Chemical Nomeclature Ionic Nomenclature Fixed charge Cations Variable charge Cations – Polyatomic Ions Covalent Nomenclature – Covalent prefixes Acids Binary Acids Oxy- acids

Fixed Charge Vs Variable Charge Group 1 (alkali metals) are always (+1) Group 2(alkaline earth metals) are always (+2) Al = +3 / Zn = +2 / Ag = +1 All other cations are variable charge

Fixed charge Cations All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero) 1.Cation is first 2.Anion is second 3.Anion ends with suffix “ide”

Practice NameFormula Potassium Chloride MgCl 2 Lithium sulfide Al 2 O 3

Practice NameFormula Potassium ChlorideKCl Magnesium ChlorideMgCl 2 Lithium sulfideLi 2 S Aluminum OxideAl 2 O 3

Roman Numerals

Roman Numerals 1I7 VII 2II8 VIII 3III9 IX 4IV10 X 5V11 XI 6VI12 XII

Variable Charge Cations All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero) 1.Cation is first 2.Anion is second 3.Anion ends with suffix “ide” 4. A roman numeral is placed between the cation and anion to indicate the cation’s charge

Practice NameFormula Nickel (II) Bromide CuCl 2 SrO Uranium (IV) oxide AuCl 3

Practice NameFormula Nickel (II) BromideNiBr 2 Copper (II) ChlorideCuCl 2 Strontium OxideSrO Uranium (IV) OxideUO 2 Gold (III) ChlorideAuCl 3

Polyatomic ions All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero) 1.Cation is first 2.Anion is second (this is usually your poly atomic) 3.Polyatomic ions do not get a suffix 4.Variable cations get roman numeral, fixed do not 5.Multiple polyatomic ions are placed in parentheses “( )”

Practice NameFormula Copper (II) Sulfate Ni(NO 3 ) 3 Calcium Chloride Uranium (III) oxide ZnCO 3 TiPO 3

Practice NameFormula Copper (II) SulfateCuSO 4 Nickel (III) NitrateNi(NO 3 ) 3 Calcium ChlorideCaCl 2 Uranium (III) oxideU2O3U2O3 Zinc CarbonateZnCO 3 Titanium (III) PhosphiteTiPO 3

Covalent Prefixes 1 = Mon6 = Hex 2 = Di7 = Hept 3 = Tri8 = Oct 4 = Tetra9 = Non 5 = Pent10 = Dec Quiz over prefixes Tomorrow

Covalent Nomenclature Charges are not important 1.Ugliest anion goes first (most metal like) 2.Second anion gets prefix and ends with suffix “ide” 3. First anion only gets prefix if more than one is present

Practice NameFormula Carbon tetrafluoride SO 2 Carbon dioxide CaF 2 Iron (III) sulfate P2O5P2O5

Practice NameFormula Carbon tetrafluorideCF 4 Sulfur dioxideSO 2 Carbon dioxideCO 2 Calcium fluorideCaF 2 Iron (III) sulfateFe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Diphosphorus pentoxideP2O5P2O5

Acids All acids start with the element Hydrogen (H) - Binary acids have 2 elements follow = Hydro _____ ic acid only four binary acids HF / HCl / HBr / HI

Oxy-Acids All oxy-acids contain oxygen (polyatomic Ion) - ate = icH 2 SO 4 = Sulfuric acid HNO 3 = Nitric acid (ate something icky) - ite = ousHNO 2 = Nitrous acid (bite something poisonous)

Practice NameFormula Phosphoric acid Lead (II) nitrite HC 2 H 3 O 2 Carbonic acid CS 2 HBr

Practice NameFormula Phosphoric acidH 3 PO 4 (-ic to -ate) Lead (II) nitrite Pb(NO 2 ) 2 Acetic acidHC 2 H 3 O 2 Carbonic acidH 2 CO 3 Carbon disulfideCS 2 Hydrobromic acid (hydro means no O) HBr