Why We Care or Why We Go to Sea.

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Presentation transcript:

Why We Care or Why We Go to Sea

Who Uses the Data? Shipboard personnel Vessel operations Ocean deployments (buoys, CTDs, towed instruments) Science during cruise Secondary users (not on cruise) Ocean and atmosphere modelers Satellite and other remote measurement communities Air-sea interaction researchers Product developers (climate atlases, gridded fields) Instrument developers

Satellite Calibration and Algorithm Development Courtesy Darren Jackson, CIRES, NOAA/ESRL

Ocean Model Verification Ship vs. Model Ship Track over Model Salinity

Real-Time Forecast Validation Data QC

How to Measure Know what you want to measure... parameter(s). Know the temporal and spatial scales. Know the sensor characteristics. Accuracy, precision, range,... Know the data acquisition system. Know the environment you will be working in.

What to Measure Meteorology Wind directions and speed Air temperature Humidity Pressure Rainfall Radiation Oceanography Sea temperature Salinity Navigation Latitude and longitude Course over ground Speed over ground Speed relative to water Heading

Time Scales

Sampling Rates The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem in general states a signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling frequency is greater than twice the highest frequency of the signal (also known as the Nyquist frequency). Oversampling is often preferred as it can aid in anti-aliasing, be used to increase resolution when using A/D convertors, and help reduce uncorrelated noise when averaging multiple samples.

Accuracy/Precision Targets Manufacturer Accuracy +/- 5 o +/-.3 m/s +/-.3 hPa (Analog) +/-.1 hPa (Digital) +/- 2% (0-90%) +/- 3% (90-100%) +/-.17 o C (Analog) +/-.12 o C (Digital) WXT sensor is even less accurate and max sample rate is 5 sec

Accuracy/Precision

An Introduction to Marine Meteorology How does the marine environment differ from the environment over land? Homogeneity Moisture source Surface friction Diurnal cycles

Precipitation/Clouds 24 hr Accumulated Rain Radar Reflectivity

Water Vapor 24 Oct 06Z Satellite

End Lesson 1

Temperature Air Rain Rate

Sea Temperature Local Time

Sea Temperature

Radiation SW LW