Source to Sink in Taiwan some observations Great strengths sediment yield large, discharge quick, deposition rapid climatically sensitive, valuable location entire source to sink (3952 m high to 3600 m deep) diverse interdisciplinary research already completed continued monitoring possible to design state-of-the-art studies Potential study areas for S2S studies east coast to Okinawa Trough northwest coast to Taiwan Strait southwest coast to Kaoping Canyon

Observations completed Physical – internal tides, regional circulation? Chemical – tracers of source waters and sediments (nutrients, trace metals, minerology) radiochemistry of ocean waters Biological – trap observations Geological – sediment transport (surface, vertical, BNL), chronology (<century scales, microfossil link), seismic stratigraphy Ideas for future studies Analog for sea level low stands Paleoclimate recorded with high resolution Kaoping Canyon Past and Future(?) Research

Terrestrial processes mountain weathering landslides, fluvial impacts continue monitoring flows and turbidity Typhoon events effectively predictable episodic events (4/y) instrument boundary layer of canyon (hyperpycnal? fluid mud?) Canyon head surface waves, monsoon impacts liquefaction?, gravity flows resuspension?, nepheloid layer Open slope why high deposition and accumulation rates? gullied morphology?

Mysteries of canyon thalweg versus walls, ROV sampling detailed swath mapping of entire system ultimate sink? Follow path to end modern gravity flows throughout system controls on morphology, meanders and ridges Paleoclimate history fate of organic carbon history of environmental processes (Taiwan is very sensitive) record of ENSO millennial history ( 14 C, micropaleo) long cores