Earthquakes Green Packet.

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Presentation transcript:

Earthquakes Green Packet

Vocabulary Earthquake- is a vibration in the ground that results from movement along breaks in Earth’s lithosphere. Fault-a break in earth’s lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from or past another. Focus-where movement first occurs Epicenter-the point on the surface directly above the earthquake’s focus Seismic Waves-energy which spreads out from the focus in all directions. (weaker the farther they are from the focus)

Vocabulary Cont. Aftershock-is a shock that occurs after a principal shock of an EQ. Magnitude- of an EQ is the amount of energy released by the EQ (minor=4 or less) Seismologists-scientists who study EQs.

Faults Normal Fault- Reverse Fault- Strike-Slip Fault-

P Waves-Primary Waves Push and pull rocks causing them to vibrate in the same direction in which the wave is traveling Travel through solids and liquids

S Wave-Secondary Wave Cause the ground to shake side to side or up and down Cause the rocks to move at right angles to the direction in which the wave is traveling Slower than P waves, faster than surface waves

L Waves-Surface Waves Most destructive at Earth’s surface Travel across Earth’s surface in a rolling, wave like fashion Slowest wave

Seismograph An instrument used to record seismic waves Used to determine the magnitude, or size, of an EQ The magnitude is usually expressed using the Richter Scale

Richter Scale The magnitude is expressed using this scale Represented as a 10 fold increase Begins at zero, but there is no upper limit to the scale An EQ with a magnitude of 6 or higher is so strong it can shake down buildings Used to report EQ activity to the general public

Moment Magnitude Measures the total amount of energy released by the EQ For each increase of one unit on the scale, the EQ releases 31.5 times more energy.

Mercalli Scale Measures the EQs intensity based on descriptions of the EQs effects on people and structures. Scale rages from I (shaking is not noticeable) to XII (everything is destroyed)

Tsunamis Seismic sea waves formed when an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor Earthquakes cause the sea floor to move up and down Most occur around the edges of the Pacific Plate Can be predicted!

Questions Why are EQs common in California? Are all EQs large and destructive? Where do most EQs occur? Where do strike-slip faults occur? Where do seismic waves of an EQ originate? Describe the three types of seismic waves.