Striation – linear grooves formed in the surface of some minerals as they grow.

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Presentation transcript:

Striation – linear grooves formed in the surface of some minerals as they grow.

Plate Tectonics

Geologic Time

The Prune Effect s - (failed attempt 1) The molten Earth cools and contracts The crust wrinkles and crumples Mountains form What about rift valleys? What about shape and position of the continents?

Rift Valley

The Expanding Earth – (failed attempt 2) 20 th century - radioactive decay Land masses are ripped apart Explains the continents What about the mountains?

- An idea before its time - Alfred Wegener Processor to plate tectonics Continental Drift Pangaea - supercontinent Fragmented and floated around

Pangaea 200 million years ago Super Continent

Lines of Evidence Matching Coastlines Matching Geology Glacial Deposits Fossil Evidence Apparent Polar Wandering

Matching Coatlines

Where is the coastline?

Matching Geology

The Collision

The Separation

Glacial Deposits Striations

Fossil Evidence Glossopteris

Mesosaurus - links South America and Africa during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.

Apparent Polar Wandering

A study by S. K. Runcorn in the 1950s, indicated that the magnetic north pole had apparently moved over the last 500 million years, from Hawaii to its present location.

All the parts are in place, but 1. How are the continents moving?

The Revolution Begins early 1960s

Ring Of Fire

Discovery of Midoceanic Ridge Detailed sea-floor mapping

Harry Hess - essay in geopoetry * Sea-floor spreading hypothesis

Paleomagnetism Youngest rock in the center

Unifying Theory - Plate Tectonics

Tectonic cycle- deals with the movement and interactions of the lithospheric plates.

Seafloor Spreading and Plate Boundaries

Plate Boudaries / Margins Divergent Plate Bounderies 1. continental - rift valleys

Divergent Plate Boundaries 2. ocean - midoceanic ridge / spreading sea floor

Transform Plate Bounderies San Andreas Fault

Convergent Plate Bounderies Oceanic - Continental Oceanic - Oceanic Continental - Continental Andes Mountains Japan, Philippines Himalaya Mountains

West Coast of United States

Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Plate Boundaries

Benioff Zone Associated with Subduction

How old is the ocean floor?

Driving Mechanism - convection currents