CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & maintenance CEM 417 SOURCES FROM slide: MOHD AMIZAN MOHAMD MOHD FADZIL ARSHAD SITI RASHIDAH MOHD NASIR FKA, UiTM Shah Alam.

WEEK 7 Construction Plants

WEEK 7 LEARNING OUTCOME At the end of week 7 lectures, student will be able to : Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of stationary machines. (CO2; CO3). Identify the types, functions, capabilities and selections of compaction machines. (CO2; CO3).

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - GRAB A crane fitted with a grabbing bucket Excavating efficiency is dependent upon the self weight of the attachment Limited for fairy loose soil Fitted with interlocking teeth The clamshell has no teeth and only use for stockpiling very loose material such as sand The whole unit is hung from the crane jib on a hoist rope

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL Best operates from a flat prepared surface Use for loading, excavation of embankment or berm, loosen and load material, mostly used in quarrying and road cuttings Can be a crawler or wheeled mounted Type of shovel:- Face shovel Drag shovel Crowd shovel Luffing shovel Skimmer

crowding Dipper stick hoisting

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - FACE SHOVEL Factors for selecting the most advantages size and type of shovel:- Type of material to be worked Depth of banks to be cut Swing angle that must be turned Confinement or space restrictions Job mobility Haul cycle of the transporting equipment Amount of work available Skill of the operator

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE Also known as pull shovel, drag shovel or simply as hoe Used for excavating below the level of the tracks, e.g. trenches, basement, foundations and for other excavation work in confine situation.

Typical Hydraulic Operated Backactor

Detachable teeth depend on the type of soil

Detachable teeth depend on the type of soil

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - BACKHOE Production rates depends on the depth of the excavation The average bucket play load is equal to the heaped bucket capacity play load multiplied by the bucket fill factor Bucket fill factor will depend on the type of soil Fill factor e.g. :- moist loan or sandy clay = 100% Sand and gravel = 90 to 100% Well blasted rock = 60 to 75%

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE

STATIONARY POSITION MACHINES - DRAGLINE May only be used as a rope operated machine, a comparable hydraulic system is not available Suitable in excavating loose and soft soil below the level of the machine May be used as an alternative to backhoe The bucket is cast out long from a boom, so that wide apart of excavation and dumping is possible E.g. for river bottom, channels, canals, ditches and trench Not suitable for confined space

TRENCHERS

TRENCHERS Designed to excavate trenches of constant width with considerable accuracy and speed widths available range from 250 to 450mm with depths up to 4m Work on a conveyor principle having a series of a small cutting buckets attached to two end less chains which are supported by a boom that is lowered into the ground at the required depth

Compaction equipment

Compaction equipment

Steel cylinder roller Two types:- Non vibrating Vibrating rollers

Steel cylinder roller Non vibrating Two types:- Tandem (two-axle) Three wheeled Both types are self-propelled Able to be ballasted (added weight) by adding water or sand to the rolls Ballast normally required when operating the roller but may be removed when it is to be transported Maximum effective layer compacted is 250mm

VIBRATING ROLLER Two major types:- Vibrating smooth drum rollers Tractor drawn Self-propelled Important factors when considering vibrating rollers:- Dynamic force- force exerted by the roller. Centrifugal force generated by a revolving eccentric shaft and total dead weight of the roller frame and drum Frequency of vibration – no. of revolutions per minute made by the eccentric shaft Amplitude of vibration- eccentric shaft rotates, the drum assembly moves up and down. Amplitude is the total distance the drum travels vertically.

Pneumatic tired rollers Used on pavements such as sprayed or asphalt mix bitumen surfacing work Suitable when material is cohesive, such as clays, clayey gravels or loams which is free from rock

Tamping roller Has a steel drum fitted with ‘feet’ of one type of another Example, sheepsfoot, wedgefoot and pad foot Compacting layer up to 250 mm Normal compaction for clay, clayey gravel and sandy clays Poor performance on sandy gravels Not suitable for compact sand Self-propelled tamping foot roller Tower sheepsfoot roller