INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi 4/20/2017 EEE 338 POWER ELECTRONICS INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi 4/20/2017

POWER ELECTRONICS 1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design. 2nd ed. 2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric Power. 2nd ed. 3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George C. Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics.

EEE338-Syllabus Introduction of Power Electronics, Solid State Devices for Power Electronics, Power Diodes, Power BJTs, Power MOSFETs, IGBT, SCR’s, GTO, & TRIAC and DIAC, SCR Firing & Commutation Techniques, Thyristors Characteristics, Construction, Operations & Applications, Thyristors Commutation, Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers, Un-controlled & Controlled Rectifiers. 3 Phase, 6-Pulse, 12-Pulse and 24 Pulse Rectifiers, AC Voltage Controllers, DC to AC Converters, Single Phase DC to AC Converters, Invertors, Half Bridge & Full Bridge Invertors, 3 Phase, 6-pulse & 12 Pulse Inverters, DC to DC Converters, Design & Analysis of Regulated Power Supplies, Switch Mode Power Supplies, Uninterrupted Power Supplies. 4/20/2017

Course Description Examines the application of electronics to energy conversion and control. Topics covered include: Modelling, analysis, and control techniques; design of power circuits including inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC converters; and characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Numerous application examples will be presented such as motion control systems, power supplies, and radio-frequency power amplifiers. 4/20/2017

Relation with multiple disciplines Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering.

The interdisciplinary nature Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.

POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become wider. The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall generally into four categories : AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier) DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper) AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator) DC to AC Converter (Inverter) The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the control strategy.

Power Electronics Application Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-state (devices) electronics for the control and conversion of electric power. Power electronics have already found an important place in modern technology and are now used in a great variety of high-power product, including heat controls, light controls, electric motor control, power supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.

POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES 1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode) 2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors) 3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT, MOSFET, GTO, IGBT) 4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT) 5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO) 6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC) 7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)

The history

Diagram Block of Converters

Power electronic system Generic structure of a power electronic system Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also called power electronic system.

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Importance Increasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power Systems Availability of high power semiconductor devices Decentralized renewable energy generation sources Increased power transfer with existing transmission system Effective control of power flow needed in a deregulated environment Norms for Power quality Future Power System

Listing of Power Electronic Applications Distributed generation (DG) Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic) Fuel cells and micro-turbines Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage, flywheels Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives Power quality solutions Dual feeders Uninterruptible power supplies Dynamic voltage restorers Transmission and distribution (T&D) High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series compensation, and the unified power flow controller

Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives (c)

Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) Series Compensation Shunt and Series Compensation

Applications Industrial applications Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating Welding Arc furnaces and ovens Lighting

Hybrid Cars hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need for batteries. Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine and electrical elements to gain advantages of each. Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as primary energy control blocks.

Transportation applications Trains & locomotives Subways Trolley buses Magnetic levitation Electric vehicles Automotive electronics Ship power systems Aircraft power systems

Applications in space technology Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems

Trends It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions to: Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric equipment Energy saving Environment protection

Heat Removal Mechanism SCR (hokey-puck-type) on power pakkits Fin-type Heat Sink SCR (stud-type) on air-cooled kits Assembly of power converters

Ratings of Power Devices 4/20/2017

Summary Power electronics uses low power electronics (ICs), control, and switching power devices for power converter and/or processing from one form to another. The characteristics of the power devices play a major role in the speed and effectiveness of the power conversion. 4/20/2017