AIM: How does excretion in humans remove harmful wastes?
How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system?
How is the circulatory system connected to the excretory system? The circulatory system transports the metabolic wastes from the body cells to the various excretory organs
What is the life process of excretion? The removal of metabolic wastes produced by the body cells
How is excretion different from egestion? Egestion – the removal of the wastes of digestion – FECES
What are the five major waste products produced by your cells? Carbon Dioxide Water Salts (minerals) Urea Heat
How do these wastes move from the body cells to your excretory system organs? The Circulatory System!
What are the major organs of the Excretory System? Kidney Skin Lungs Liver
How does the Skin aid in the removal of wastes? Perspiration: Gets rid of water, salt, and heat Has 2 to 5 million sweat glands Blood Vessels Sweat Gland
How do the Lungs aid in the removal of wastes? Exhalation Excretes water, CO2, and heat
How do the Kidneys aid in the removal of wastes? Produce urine and regulate water/salt balance in the blood. **major organ of the excretory system**
What is the major filtering unit of the kidney? The Nephron Each kidney is made of 1 million nephrons to filter the blood
B Glomerulous A Bowman’s Capsule Loop Of Henle Collecting Duct D E Description/Function A Tiny ball of capillaries located at the beginning of each nephron (site of filtration) B Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulous (site of filtration) C Site of Reabsorption and Secretion D All remaining substances in the nephron enter here; Filtrate is now called Urine (Excretion) E Transports unfiltered blood to the kidney; enables diffusion/active transport of substances into/out of nephron; Transports filtered blood back to the heart B Glomerulous A Bowman’s Capsule Loop Of Henle Collecting Duct D E Blood Vessels C
The Nephron
Nephron Will blood cells and proteins be filtered into the nephron? Blood Processing: Filtration: Arteries transport blood to the kidney (nephron) Urea, water, Glucose, and salts (minerals) are filtered out by diffusion/active transport No!! Way too Big!!!
Nephron Blood Processing: Reabsorption: Substances still needed by the body are removed from the filtrate and reenter the blood via diffusion/active transport Ex: glucose, water, minerals (NOT urea)
Nephron Blood Processing: Secretion: Kidneys remove certain substances from the blood and add them to the filtrate. Ex: Salts, Water
Nephron Blood Processing: Excretion: Urine has been formed! Will be moved to the bladder to be excreted from the body
The Nephron
The Nephron C D B A E F
What is urine? The sterile fluid produced by the kidneys Mostly water but contains urea and salts
How does the LIVER aid in the removal of wastes? Produces urea from breaking down amino acids (ammonia to urea)
What are the major organs of the urinary system? Kidneys – produce urine Ureters – carries urine from the kidneys to bladder Bladder – stores urine Urethra – releases the urine
The Urinary System
How does our excretory system help maintain homeostasis? Temperature balance Water balance Waste balance
Diabetes Insipidus What is it? Excretion of large amounts of watery urine Unquenchable thirst What Causes It? Kidney is not reabsorbing water Back into the bloodstream How do you treat it? Medicine
Kidney Stones
Kidney Stones What Causes It? Not drinking enough water to dilute the minerals/salts being filtered out What is it? Urine is extremely concentrated forming crystallized stones which can block the urinary tract How do you treat it? Some pass through the urinary tract, surgery, shock wave therapy
Shock Wave Therapy
Who gets kidney stones? For unknown reasons, the number of people in the United States with kidney stones has been increasing over the past 20 years. White Americans are more prone to develop kidney stones than African Americans. Stones occur more frequently in men. Kidney stones strike most typically between the ages of 20 and 40. Once a person gets more than one stone, others are likely to develop.
Kidney Failure What Causes It? Traumatic injury, Drugs/Toxins, Infection, high blood pressure, and diabetes What is it? Low rate of filtration; nephron’s are not working properly in both kidneys How do you treat it? Dialysis; Kidney Transplant
Dialysis