MODELS OF HEALTH PROMOTION

MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 1: FOUR PARADIGMS OF HEALTH PROMOTION (CAPLAN AND HOLLAND - 1990) Radical change Nature of society RADICAL HUMANIST Holistic view of health De-professionalization Self-help networks RADICAL STRUCTURLIST Health reflects structural inequalities Need to challenge inequity and radically transform society. Subjective Objective Nature of knowledge HUMANIST Holistic view of health Aims to improve understanding and development of self Client-led TRADITIONAL Health = absence of disease Aim is to change behaviour Expert-led Social regulation

MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 2: HEALTH PROMOTION METHODS USING BEATTIE’S TYPOLOGY (BEATTIE – 1991) MODE OF INTERVENTION Legislation Policy making and implementation Health surveillance Advice Education Behaviour change Mass media campaign Authoritarian Individual Collective Focus of intervention Counselling Education Group work Lobbying Action research Skills sharing and training Group work Community development Negotiated

MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 3: A TYPOLOGY OF HEALTH PROMOTION (FRENCH – 1990) DISEASE MANAGEMENT Curative services Management services Caring services HEALTH EDUCATION Agenda setting Empowerment and support Information DISEASE PREVENTION Preventive services Medical services Behaviour change POLITICS OF HEALTH Social action Policy development Economic and fiscal policy

MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 4: TANNAHILL’S MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION (DOWNIE et al – 1990) 5 6. Positive health protection, e.g. workplace smoking policy. 7. Health education aimed at positive health protection, e.g. lobbying for a ban on tobacco advertising. 1. Preventive services, e.g. immunization, cervical screening, hypertension case finding, developmental surveillance, use of nicotine chewing gum to aid smoking cessation. 2. Preventive health education, e.g. smoking cessation advice and information. Health education 7 2 4 6 1 Health protection Prevention 3 3. Preventive health protection, e.g. fluoridation of water. 4. Health education for preventive health protection, e.g. lobbying for seat belt legislation. 5. Positive health education, e.g lifeskills with young people.

MODEL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 5: THE CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION TO HEALTH PROMOTION (TONES et al – 1990) Public pressure Healthy public policy Lobbying Advocacy Mediation Healthy social and physical environment Empowered participating community Healthy promoting organisation HEALTH Healthy services Critical consciousness raising Agenda setting Healthy choices Professional education Education for health