The Nutrients You Need

The Six Main Nutrients Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Proteins Proteins Fats Fats Vitamins Vitamins Minerals Minerals Water Water

Carbohydrates The body’s main source of energy. The body’s main source of energy. You may know them as STARCHES and SUGARS You may know them as STARCHES and SUGARS If you don’t eat enough carbs, the body will use other energy-producing nutrients for energy. Which causes those nutrients from doing their specialized jobs. If you don’t eat enough carbs, the body will use other energy-producing nutrients for energy. Which causes those nutrients from doing their specialized jobs.

Depending on their source, carbs fall into one of two categories…

Complex and Simple or also known as… Starch and Sugar

2 Types of Carbs STARCHES Complex carbs Ex. Rice, potatoes, bread, pasta, crackers Digested into simple sugars or glucose (main source of energy) Digested into simple sugars or glucose (main source of energy)SUGAR Simple carbs Natural sugars Ex. Fruits, grain products, Refined Sugars Ex. Cakes, candy

Complex Carbohydrates Starches and Dietary Fiber Starches Foods high in starch are usually good sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Foods high in starch are usually good sources of proteins, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Digested into simple sugars or glucose (main source of energy) Digested into simple sugars or glucose (main source of energy)

Dietary Fiber indigestible threadlike cells helps move food through the digestive tract Insoluble Fiber Does not dissolve in water, it absorbs water. Does not dissolve in water, it absorbs water. Promotes regular bowel movements Promotes regular bowel movements Prevents constipation Prevents constipation Sources: Fruit and Vegetable Skins, Whole- wheat, wheat bran products. Sources: Fruit and Vegetable Skins, Whole- wheat, wheat bran products. Soluble Fiber Dissolves in Water Dissolves in Water May reduce blood cholesterol level May reduce blood cholesterol level Sources: Fruits, Vegetables, Dry Beans, Peas, Lentils, and Oat Products. Sources: Fruits, Vegetables, Dry Beans, Peas, Lentils, and Oat Products.

Simple Carbohydrates Simple Carbs, or natural sugars are known as: FRUCTOSE - found in fruits FRUCTOSE - found in fruits MALTOSE - found in grain products MALTOSE - found in grain products LACTOSE - found in dairy products. LACTOSE - found in dairy products.

Proteins Proteins are used mainly to help the body grow and repair worn-out or damaged parts. Proteins are used mainly to help the body grow and repair worn-out or damaged parts. Your hair, eyes, skin, muscles and bones are made of proteins. By eating protein, you keep them in good condition. Your hair, eyes, skin, muscles and bones are made of proteins. By eating protein, you keep them in good condition. Proteins are made of chains of chemical building blocks called amino acids Proteins are made of chains of chemical building blocks called amino acids

Proteins 1. Complete Proteins Proteins that supply all nine essential amino acids. Such as: Meat, Poultry, Fish, Eggs, Dairy Products, and Soy Products. 2. Incomplete Proteins Are proteins that are lacking one or more essential amino acid. Beans & Rice Beans & Rice Peas & Grains Peas & Grains

Fats Fat is found mainly in vegetable oils Fat is found mainly in vegetable oils Fats promote healthy skin, normal cell growth and carry vitamins, A, D, E, and K to wherever they are needed. Fats promote healthy skin, normal cell growth and carry vitamins, A, D, E, and K to wherever they are needed. Provide a reserve supply of energy. Provide a reserve supply of energy. Act as cushion to protect your heart, liver and other vital organs. Act as cushion to protect your heart, liver and other vital organs. Add flavor to food Add flavor to food

So what’s wrong with fat? Americans eat way too much! Too much increases the risk of illness such as heart disease and cancer. Fats have twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrates or proteins.

Cholesterol Cholesterol is not fat. Rather it is a fat- like substance present in all body cells that is needed for many essential body processes. Cholesterol is not fat. Rather it is a fat- like substance present in all body cells that is needed for many essential body processes. Contributes to the digestion of fat and the skin’s production of Vitamin D. Contributes to the digestion of fat and the skin’s production of Vitamin D.

2 Kinds of Lipoproteins LDL LDL “bad cholesterol” If too much LDL cholesterol is circulating, it builds up and increases the risk of heart disease or stroke. HDL HDL “good cholesterol” Picks up excess cholesterol and takes it to liver.

Types of Fatty Acids Saturated Saturated Unsaturated- Unsaturated- Poly unsaturated Poly unsaturated Monounsaturated Monounsaturated What’s the difference???? Contain different amounts of hydrogen atoms Saturated-has as many as hydrogen atoms as it can hold

Saturated fatty acids Raise level of LDL cholesterol Raise level of LDL cholesterol Foods high in saturated fatty acids: Foods high in saturated fatty acids: Meat Meat Poultry skin Poultry skin Whole-milk Whole-milk Dairy products Dairy products

Polyunsaturated fatty acids Lower cholesterol levels Lower cholesterol levels Missing 2 or more hydrogen atoms Missing 2 or more hydrogen atoms Sources Sources Vegetable Oils Vegetable Oils Corn Oil Corn Oil Soybean Oil Soybean Oil

Monounsaturated fatty acids Missing one hydrogen atom Missing one hydrogen atom Lower LDL cholesterol Lower LDL cholesterol Raise HDL cholesterol Raise HDL cholesterol Foods: Foods: Olives Olives Olive Oil Olive Oil Avocados Avocados Peanuts Peanuts

Trans Fat Partial hydrogenated oils make odd shape of molecule. Shape of fatty acids create health concern in body Partial hydrogenated oils make odd shape of molecule. Shape of fatty acids create health concern in body Produced when food processors turn liquid fats into solids to lengthen a product’s shelf life. Produced when food processors turn liquid fats into solids to lengthen a product’s shelf life. Increase cholesterol production Increase cholesterol production

Vitamins Keep your body’s tissues healthy and its many systems working properly

Where do we get Vitamins? Fruits and Veggies Fruits and Veggies Milk Milk Whole-grain products Whole-grain products

VITAMINS Water Soluble Water Soluble Dissolve in water and pass easily thru bloodstream in the process of digestion Vitamin C and the 8 B Vitamins Fat-Soluble Fat-Soluble Absorbed and transported by fat. Vitamins A, D, E, K

Minerals Major Minerals- Needed in large amounts calcium, phosphorus, magnesium Electrolytes- Maintain body’s fluid balance potassium, sodium, chloride Trace Minerals- Needed in small amounts iron, copper, zinc

Water 50-60% of your body is water! 50-60% of your body is water! Your body uses 2 to 3 quarts of water a day… make sure you replace it! Your body uses 2 to 3 quarts of water a day… make sure you replace it! Experts say you need at least 8 glass water a day! Experts say you need at least 8 glass water a day!