Chemistry Chapter 6 Bonding Electronegativity - an atom’s attraction for electrons when bound to another atom.

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry Chapter 6 Bonding

Electronegativity - an atom’s attraction for electrons when bound to another atom

covalent bond - pair of electrons shared formed when electronegativity difference is < 1.67 form molecules Ex: H 2 O, NH 3 two types : polar covalent (when elements are different) nonpolar covalent (in diatomic elements) O 2, N % covalent due to equal electronegativity

ionic bond - atoms bonded due to different charges (electrons transferred) formed when electronegativity difference is > 1.67 form ionic compounds Ex: NaCl, CaF 2, LiBr

ionic compounds high melting point soluble in water conduct electricity when molten crystallize well

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 1 linear 180° no ex:NaCl

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 2 linear 180° sp ex:CaCl 2

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 13 trigonal planar 120° sp 2 ex:AlCl 3

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 14 tetrahedral 109.5° sp 3 ex:CH 4

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 15 pyramidal vary no ex:NH 3

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 16 bent vary no ex:H 2 O

Molecular Shapes electron dotanglehybrid. group 17 Linear 180° no ex:NaCl

Organic Chemistry Organic = carbon Organic Compounds: Alkanes Alcohols AlkenesHalogenated hydrocarbons AlkynesAlkyl side chains Organic Acids Esters Cyclic hydrocarbons

Alkanes: hydrocarbons with single bonds (R) 1.methane 2.ethane 3.propane 4.butane 5.pentane 6. hexane 7. heptane 8. octane 9. nonane 10. decane

methane ethane propane butane

Alkenes - hydrocarbons with double bonds 1. 2.ethene 3.propene 4.butene 5.pentene Ex: 2-butene 6. hexene 7. heptene 8. octene 9. nonene 10. decene 1-pentene3-heptene

Alkynes - hydrocarbons with double bonds 1. 2.ethyne 3.propyne 4.butyne 5.pentyne Ex: 1-butyne 6. hexyne 7. heptyne 8. octyne 9. nonyne 10. decyne 2-pentyne1-heptyne

Alcohols :R-OH 1.methanol 2.ethanol 3.propanol 4.butanol 5.pentanol Or methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, etc… Ex: 2-butanol 6. hexanol 7. heptanol 8. octanol 9. nonanol 10. decanol 1-pentanol1-heptanol

Alkyl sidechains Ex: methyl propane methyl butane 2 - methyl pentane 3 - ethyl heptane 2, 3, 3 - trimethyl hexane 2,3-dimethyl octane

Halogenated hydrocarbons (alkyl halides): R-X Examples: bromomethane chloroethane 2 - fluoro pentane 1,2,3-tri chloro heptane

O Organic acids:R - C - OH

Cyclic compounds

Esters alcohol + organic acid -----> ester + water yl ----oicEx: butyl ethanoate methanol + ethanoic acid ---->methyl ethanoate propanol + ethanoic acid ---> propyl ethanoate hyperphysics website

6th Period

7th Period