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Electrical signals allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract stimulates ventricles to contract from bottom to top, driving blood into arteries heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses signal also transmitted to skin = EKG

P wave Q R S T wave QRS Complex

Basic ECG Rhythm Strips - YouTube

Cardiac cycle systolic ________ diastolic pump (peak pressure) _________________ fill (minimum pressure) 1 complete sequence of pumping –heart contracts & pumps –heart relaxes & chambers fill –contraction phase systole ventricles pumps blood out –relaxation phase diastole atria refill with blood 110 ____ 70

Measurement of blood pressure High Blood Pressure (hypertension) –if top number ( systolic pumping) > 150 –if bottom number ( diastolic filling) > 90

9.4

pump (peak pressure) _________________ fill (minimum pressure) Cardiac Cycle How is this reflected in blood pressure measurements? chambers fill ventricles fill ventricles pump systolic ________ diastolic 110 ________ 80

Lymphatic system Parallel circulatory system –transports white blood cells defending against infection –collects interstitial fluid & returns to blood maintains volume & protein concentration of blood drains into circulatory system near junction of vena cava & right atrium Blme9vQhttp:// Blme9vQ

Lymph system Production of white blood cells & traps “foreign” invaders 2nd “circulatory” system lymph node lymph vessels (intertwined amongst blood vessels)

Problems with the Circulatory system High Blood Pressure: also called Hypertension –when arteries are too narrow for easy blood movement. –Can cause damage to organs and in some cases a blood vessel bursts causing a stroke. –Medications, diet, exercise can help prevent/treat high blood pressure –High blood pressure is often referred to as the “silent killer” because there are usually no symptoms. -Blood pressure should average 120 / 80 (slightly lower for youth).

Cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis –deposits inside arteries (plaques) develop in inner wall of the arteries, narrowing their channel –increase blood pressure –increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage normal arteryhardening of arteries

Atherosclerosis – is a condition where there is a build up of plaque (fat – like substances) in your arteries reducing the amount of blood supply to the body. Atherosclerosis – YouTube Angina – coronary blood vessels narrow causing the the heart muscle to not receive enough blood, resulting in chest pain. It occurs when the blood flow to the heart is enough for normal needs, but not enough when the heart’s needs increase such as during physical exercise, stress, or extreme temperatures. often treated with Nitroglycerine patches or spray. Heart Disease Animation - YouTube

Cholesterol: fatlike chemical found in food. It can coat the inside of arteries, narrows, causing high blood pressure. Heart Attack: when part of the heart muscle dies. This is from blood vessels that lead to the heart become narrow or blocked so oxygen and food can not travel to the cells. Stroke – similar to a heart attack but the arteries to the brain become blocked interfering with the blood supply to the brain causing a “Brain Attack” Heart Attack Symptoms- Signs of a Heart Attack- Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack – YouTubeHeart Attack Symptoms- Signs of a Heart Attack- Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack – YouTube How to recognize a heart attack - YouTube

Cardiovascular health bypass surgery Risk Factors –genetics –diet high animal fat –exercise & lifestyle smoking lack of exercise

What are the risk factors for heart attack and stroke? The "uncontrollable" risk factors are: –Age (the risk increases with age) –Gender (men develop CAD 10 years earlier than women) –Family history (genetic predisposition and common lifestyles increase risk) –Race (incidence is greater in some groups of African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, native American Indians,)

The “Controllable” Risk Factors Smoking High blood pressure High blood cholesterol (Triglyceride level most important- ratio of good and bad cholesterol) High blood sugar (diabetes) Obesity and overweight Physical inactivity Stress

What can you do to Keep your Circulatory System Healthy? avoid tobacco smoke monitor high blood pressure Healthy Diet ( eat food low in cholesterol and saturated fats) Exercise maintain a healthy weight have regular Check-Up’s with Doctor

Options for heart patients are bypasses, transplant, artificial hearts (temporary). -Why do some patients take one Aspirin per day?

Coronary artery bypass bypass surgery

Warning Signs of a Heart Attack! Heart attack symptoms –Men's typical symptoms: Chest pain and sweats –Women's symptoms are subtle and easily-missed—Use the word LIFE to remember L: Left pain—arm/shoulder/jaw/shoulder blade I: Indigestion/nausea F: Fatigue/sleeplessness E: Exertion/short of breath

Warning Signs of a Stroke! Stroke symptoms –numbness in face, arm, or leg (one or both sides of body) –confusion –trouble speaking, seeing, or walking –severe headache 6aPjYhttp:// 6aPjY