DNA and the Cell Cycle JEOPARDY!! Discovery of DNADNA structure and replication DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle MitosisPotpourri

10 10 Discovery of DNA Which scientist discovered the presence of a transforming factor while working with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria?

10 Griffith Discovery of DNA

20 20 Discovery of DNA Using the conclusions of Griffith’s experiment, which scientists discovered DNA to be the hereditary material?

20 20 Discovery of DNA Hershey and Chase

30 30 Discovery of DNA Using models and the research of various other scientists, what were Watson and Crick able to discover?

30 30 Discovery of DNA The structure of DNA, and thus were able to hypothesize DNA replication

30 Community 1

40 40 Discovery of DNA What two macromolecules were suggested to be the transforming factor, and how were they distinguished from one another in Hershey and Chases experiment?

40 40 Discovery of DNA *DNA- phosphorus *Protein-Sulfur

50 50 Discovery of DNA What were the results of Griffith’s experiment?

50 Heat-killed pathogenic (harmful) bacteria mixed with living non- pathogenic (harmless) bacteria caused the formation of living pathogenic (harmful) bacteria. Discovery of DNA

10 The monomers of the nucleic acids are called… DNA structure and replication

Nucleotides 10 DNA structure and replication

20 Identify two differences between DNA and RNA. DNA structure and replication

*DNA –thymine, deoxribose, double stranded, longer *RNA- uracil, ribose, single stranded, shorter 20 DNA structure and replication

30 Two polynucleotide strands are held together by 1._______ bonds, and the backbone of each strand is held together by 2._______ bonds. DNA structure and replication

1. hydrogen 2. covalent 30 DNA structure and replication

40 DNA Polymerase cannot start a new polynucleotide chain, but can only extend one. What is required to mark the start? *be specific* DNA structure and replication

*an RNA primer laid down by RNA primase *an RNA primer laid down by RNA primase. 40 DNA structure and replication

50 Explain why DNA polymerase can only make a new strand in one direction and why? DNA structure and replication

50 5’  3’; DNA polymerase can only attach to the 3’ –OH of the deoxyribose sugar at the end of the template. DNA structure and replication

10 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle Which enzyme unzips the DNA molecule?

Helicase 10 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

20 Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative? DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

One of the original strands of DNA is retained (“conserved”) in the newly constructed strands. 20 DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

30 What is the order of the Cell Cycle? DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

30 G1  S  G2  M  Cytokinesis

40 Johnny smokes cigarettes. The DNA of Johnny’s body has become mutated due to exposure to nicotine. He no longer contains the correct gene instructions to make certain surface proteins on his cells. What could happen as a result? DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

40 The cells will not recognize one another, will continue to divide although bumping into each other, and a tumor can form.

50 * * What are the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle? DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle

50 *help to ensure phases of the cell cycle are complete and accurate before moving on to the next phase.

10 Mitosis What are the phases of mitosis?

10 Mitosis Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

20 What must happen to complete cell division? Mitosis

20 Cytokinesis

30 During which phase of mitosis is the DNA split into chromatids?

30 Mitosis Anaphase

40 Mitosis What are the differences between plant and animal mitosis?

40 Mitosis *no centrioles are used in a plant cell during mitosis (spindle fibers form spontaneously) *plant forms a cell plate, instead of a cleavage furrow, during telophase leading into cytokinesis

50 Mitosis A student observes a cell under the microscope. She is able to see DNA. She also notices the formation of tiny threadlike structures. (1)What phase of mitosis is she observing? (2)Why can she see the DNA? (3)What are the tiny threadlike structures?

50 Mitosis (1)Prophase (2) DNA has taken the form of chromosomes (3) Spindle fibers

10 My name is Bond, Ionic Bond; Taken, not shared! Meiosis

10 Population Growth From: Mariano Cecowski Q: if both a bear in Yosemite and one in Alaska fall into the water which one disolves faster? A: The one in Alaska because it is HIJKLMNO

10 Population Growth Alimentary: What Sherlock Holmes said to Dr. Watson. Urinate: What a nurse would say if a patient asked her what room he's in. Urine - The opposite of "You're out!" Benign: What we want when we are eight. Intestine - Currently taking an exam CARDIOLOGY: advanced study of poker playing TERMINAL ILLNESS: getting sick at the airport

10 Potpourri What is the name of the strand of DNA synthesized continuously during replication?

10 Potpourri The Leading Strand

10 Population Growth

20 Potpourri The lagging strand is made in short fragments. (1)What are these fragments called? (2)Why?

(1) Okazaki fragments (2) Multiple primers are used since the strand is made away from the replication fork 20 Potpourri

30 What was Rosalind Franklin’s contribution to the discovery of DNA?

30 Potpourri *She used x-ray crystallography to take an image that showed the double helix structure of DNA.

30 Population Growth

40 Potpourri What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

40 PotPouri *It fills in the gaps on the lagging strand *helps to make sure there is no damage to the DNA once replication is complete

50 Potpourri List the phases of the Cell Cycle in order.

50 Potpourri 1.G1  S  G2  M  Cytokinesis