Organic Compounds Compound Two or more atoms joined chemically Atom The smallest particle into which an element can be divided without changing. Six Main Elements found in living things C, H, O, N, P, S

Organic vs. Inorganic Organic Compounds 90% of all known compounds. Compounds made of carbon based molecules. FiveTypes: Hydrocarbons (Fuels), Lipids (Fats) Carbohydrates (Sugar and Starch) Protiens –made of Amino Acids Nucleic Acid (DNA, RNA) Inorganic compounds very small simple molecules that are not based on carbon; including; water and salt.

Carbon is the element of life The only element that can bind itself in long stable chains without a great expenditure of energy…long chains are required for life on earth. Carbon structure Reason there are so many different types of organic compounds. # of Protons = 6 # of Neutrons = 6 # of Electrons = 6 Valence electrons; electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. Carbon has 4 valence electrons which allow for many combinations of atoms to bond to it.

The Carbon Cycle Natural recycler of Carbon atoms. The same carbon atom can move through many organisms and even end in the same place where it began…

CO2 is the gas from which comes the raw material of life. Renewable as it goes from CO to C H O (glucose) is used by plant or animal who ingests it and then released back into the air or ground. Photosynthesis 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 6O + C 6 H 12 O 6 Water + Carbon Dioxide Oxygen + Glucose Respiration 6O + C 6 H 12 O 6 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP Oxygen + Glucose Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy Decomposition the breakdown of a compound into simpler parts.

Water Is a great solvent Can ionize into Hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions Is less dense as a solid With properties of cohesion and adhesion, form the structure of a tree’s ability to feed itself and stand up. Is 70% of the earth’s surface and our bodies.

Forming and breaking Polymers Dehydration synthesis Taking out water (an H from one side and an OH from the other) to make a larger compound To make A polyscaccaride, a protein, a lipid Hydrolysis The adding of water to break up compounds into monomers Making A monosaccharide, a fatty acid, an amino acid

FATS Saturated fatty acid- no double bonds Unsaturated At least two carbon atoms SHARE a double or triple bond.

Fats Add glycerol with fatty acids to make a lipid:

A triglyceride results or fat polymer And 3 water molecules

Fat Categories

Carbohydrates A monosaccharide is a basic building block for a carbohydrate. Glucose, fructose, and lactose are examples of monosaccharides. They are used for quick energy. Important polysaccharides, polymers of carbs. Include starch for long term storage chitin for insect hard coverings cellulose for plant support glycogen for energy storage

Protein Made from amino acids Has an amino group- yellow, a acid group- blue, and a variable R which differs in 20 amino acids

Together amino acids make up a polypeptide. Their shape is determined by the attractions between the amino acids And their shape determines their function. Polypeptide/Protein

A new food pyramid

Compound Monomer PolymerFunctionsExamples Carbohydrates Mono- saccharides Disaccharides Polysacharids Quick energy, some structural components in insects and plants Starch, sugars, Gycogen, glucagon, cellulose, chitin, glucose Fats 1. Fatty acids 2. Glycerol Fats, lipidsStored energy, Some messenger and water conservation Fats, Oils, phospholipids, waxes, cholesterol Proteins amino acids (20 different types) Protein polypeptide Structural, increasing rates of reaction, defense, messengers Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, hair, hails, bone, carliage, hemoglobin, Nucleic Acids nucleotidesNucleic AcidsHeredity Energy Storage DNA RNA ATP

Compound Monomer PolymerFunctionsExamples Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Nucleic Acids

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