Global History Review REVOLUTION
Map of Political Revolutions Germany Russia British colonies In America France Mexico Spanish colonies In America
Timeline for the Age of Reason Science Copernicus Isaac Newton Galileo Descartes 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 Voltaire John Locke Montesquieu Rousseau Political Revolutions Politics
II. The Scientific Revolution The Scientific Revolution: A change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions Age of Reason: A time of REASON, not faith
Scientific Method Process of experimentation and observation
Geocentric Theory Everything revolves around the Earth Supported by Catholic Church
Heliocentric Theory All planets revolve around the sun Proven with telescope Went against Church
Great Scientists of the Scientific Revolution Name What they did Effects on Society Copernicus Galileo Newton Descartes Sun-centered universe (heliocentric) Could not prove his theory Proved Church was wrong Proved heliocentric theory Idea that “natural laws” exist Theory of Gravity Scientific method & Age of Reason Used reasoning instead of faith to find answers
III. The Enlightenment John Locke Montesquieu Name Ideas John Locke Montesquieu Rousseau Voltaire All people have natural rights Gov’t should protect rights or else ppl should overthrow it 3 branches of gov’t Social contract Majority Rule *Freedom of speech!
Absolute monarchs who used their Power for the good of the people Enlightened Despots Absolute monarchs who used their Power for the good of the people
IV. Impact of the Enlightenment Common people became aware that they had RIGHTS! REVOLUTIONS begin!
Political Revolutions The 3 Political Revolutions we will study about: American French Latin American
V. American Revolution Cross it out!
VI. French Revolution When: 1780s and 1790s Where: France Goal: New gov’t to protect the ppl
Causes of the French Revolution Unfair social class system .5% 1st Estate Clergy Enjoyed all the privileges 1.5% 2nd Estate Nobles 98% 3rd Estate Middle Class (Bourgeoisie) Common ppl, Peasants Paid all the taxes
Causes of the French Revolution Economic problems (starvation of poor!) Enlightenment ideas (ppl realize they have rights!) American Revolution (ppl see it is possible to change their gov’t)
Important Concepts of the French Rev BASTILLE French prison stormed by peasants Start of Revolution – Bastille Day! July 14th
Estates-General Like Congress – makes laws
Declaration of the Rights of Man Like the Declaration of Independence Ended special privileges for 1st and 2nd estates
Radicals (Jacobins) Want huge change immediately – use violence Led by Robespierre
Reign of Terror Began with beheading of Louis XVI Tens of thousands killed without real trials
The Directory Moderate gov’t after Reign of Terror Weak and inefficient
Napoleon
VI. Revolutions in Latin America When: Early 1800s Where: Spanish colonies in America Goal: Freedom from Spanish control
Causes of Revolutions in Latin America Spanish control American and French revolutions showed you could overthrow European rule
Simon Bolivar Great revolutionary leader against the Spanish in Latin America
Results of Revolutions in Latin America Spain gave up its colonies in Latin America New nations were created
Essential Questions How did the Scientific Revolution help prepare the way for the Enlightenment? How did Europeans try to apply the ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment to society? Why was the American Revolution an important turning point in global history? What changes in political thinking were brought about by the French Revolution?
Broke from British Got independence Successful Still around today 5. Compare and contrast the short term and long term results of these political revolutions: Revolution Short term Long term American French Latin American Broke from British Got independence Successful Still around today Overthrew king, got independence NOT successful Monarchy returned NOT successful Wealthy benefited Poor still suffered Broke from Spain Got independence