The Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. In addition, blood contains cells that fight disease.

Is a muscle about the size of your fist Weighs approximately one pound Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. The right side of the heart is completely separated from the left side by a wall of tissue called the septum. Each side has an upper chamber, or atrium, and a lower chamber, or ventricle.

As blood flows out. of the heart and. toward the As blood flows out of the heart and toward the lungs, it passes through a valve like the one here.

Two Loops Blood circulates through the body in two loops, with the heart at the center. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns to the heart.

Sequencing Pathway of Blood

Introduction to Cardiovascular System Three Types of Blood Vessels –  Arteries Carry blood away from heart –  Veins Carry blood to heart –  Capillaries Networks between arteries and veins

Blood Vessels The walls of arteries and veins have three layers. The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick.

Artery and Vein In this photo, you can compare the wall of an artery with the wall of a vein.

Comparing and Contrasting - A Closer Look at Blood Vessels Compare and contrast the three kinds of blood vessels by completing a table like the one below. Blood Vessel Function Structure of Wall Thick wall consisting of three cell layers with thick muscle in the middle layer Artery Carries blood away from the heart Exchange of materials between the blood and body cells Capillary Thin walls consisting of one cell layer Thick walls consisting of three cell layers with thin muscle in the middle layer Carries blood back to the heart Vein

Blood Blood consists of liquid plasma and three kinds of cells—red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Formed Elements of Blood

Blood Types The marker molecules on your red blood cells determine your blood type and the type of blood that you can safely receive in transfusions.

Blood Typing Four Basic Blood Types A (surface antigen A) B (surface antigen B) AB (antigens A and B) O (neither A nor B)

Blood Types and Cross Reactions Blood Plasma Antibodies –  Type A Type B antibodies –  Type B Type A antibodies –  Type O Both A and B antibodies –  Type AB Neither A nor B antibodies

Blood Typing The Rh Factor Also called D antigen Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-) Only sensitized Rh- blood has anti-Rh antibodies

Blood Type Distribution The circle graph shows the percentage of each blood type found in the U.S. population. What does each edge of the graph represent? The percentage of each blood type found in the United States population Rank the four major blood types—A, B, AB, and O— from least common to most common. What is the percentage of each type? AB (4%), B (11%), A (40%), O (45%) According to the graph, what percentage of the population is Rh+? What percentage is Rh-? 84%; 16% What type of blood can someone who is B-(blood type B and Rh-) receive? What percentage of the population does that represent? O- or B- blood; 9% Use the data to make a table of the eight possible blood types. Include columns for the A, B, AB, and O blood types; Rh factor (positive or negative); and percentage of the population. The data should be arranged in two columns and eight rows

Graphic Organizer Side of Heart Where Loop Starts Where Blood Flows to Where Blood Returns to Loop Loop One Right side Lungs Left atrium Loop Two Left side Body Right atrium

Cardiovascular Health Asking Questions Cardiovascular Health Question Answer What are some cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosis and hypertension. Exercise regularly, eat a healthy diet, and avoid smoking. How can a person keep healthy?

 a condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol

Blood Supply To The Heart 2 coronary arteries branch from the main aorta just above the aortic valve. No larger than drinking straws, they carry out about 130 gallons of blood through the heart muscle daily.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary artery disease is one of the most common and serious effects of aging. Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and “heart attack”.

Signs and Symptoms None: This is referred to as silent ischemia. Blood to your heart may be restricted due to CAD, but you don’t feel the effects Chest Pain: If your coronary arteries can’t supply enough blood to meet the oxygen demands of your heart, the result may be chest pain called angina. Shortness of breath: Some people may not be aware they have CAD until they develop symptoms of congestive heart failure- extreme fatigue with exertion, shortness of breath and swelling in their feet and ankles. Heart attack: Results when an artery to your heart muscle becomes completely blocked and the party of your heart muscles fed by that artery dies.

Risk Factors Controllable Uncontrollable High Blood Pressure High Blood Cholesterol Smoking Physical Activity Obesity Diabetes Stress and anger Uncontrollable Sex Heredity Race Age