Anatomy of The Heart Cholesterol Tests and Treatments MalfunctionsCardiac Conduction

How many chambers are in the heart? What are they called?

4; Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Atrium, Right Ventricle Home Home

Which chamber is the most muscular and why?

Left ventricle; It pumps blood throughout the body Home Home

Where does blood enter the heart?

Superior and Inferior Vena Cavas, Pulmonary veins Home Home

Name the valves of the heart

Bicuspid, Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Aortic Home Home

Draw the flow of blood through the heart

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What is the optimal range of LDL and HDL?

LDL: 60 Home Home

From what foods can you get (un)saturated fats?

Saturated fat- found in animals products, processed food, meats, dairy, chips, and pastries Unsaturated fat- found in nuts avocados, and olives Home Home

What causes high cholesterol?

Environmental causes- bad diet and lack of exercise Genetic causes- having FH (Familial Cholesterolemia) Home Home

Name 3/5 functions of cholesterol

Produces bile acids Precursor to all natural steroids Precursor to Vitamin D Limiting factor in brain synapses Critical component in cell membranes Home Home

Compare and Contrast LDL and HDL

Home LDLHDL Full Name Low Density LipoproteinsHigh Density Lipoproteins SizeLarger (carry more cholesterol) Smaller (carry more proteins) MythBad CholesterolGood Cholesterol RealityTransports cholesterol to the cells as necessary to function Removes excess cholesterol from the blood stream to the liver- converted to bile acids RiskHigh LDLLow HDL Optimal<100>60

Where can you easily find a pulse? BE SPECIFIC

Wrist - Radial Neck – Carotid Home Home

What is blood pressure? What is used to test it?

The pressure exerted on arterial walls from the movement of blood A sphygmomanometer Home Home

What do electrocardiograms test?

EKGs measure the movement of electricity as it flows through the heart Home Home

List the interventions for atherosclerosis

~Angioplasty ~Stenting ~Coronary Bypass Home Home

What does MAP measure?

Adequacy of blood getting to vital organs Home Home

What is angina and heart murmur?

Angina – chest pain Heart murmur – irregular heartbeat Home Home

What is myocardial infarction?

The death of heart tissue (heart attack) Home Home

What is hypertension?

Abnormally high blood pressure Home Home

What is atherosclerosis?

Build up of plaque on arterial walls Home Home

What is Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

A genetic disorder that causes cholesterol level to be severely high Home Home

What do “SA” and “AV” stand for?

Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Home Home

Label EKG

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What happens at each point?

P– Atrial contraction QRS– Ventricular contraction T– Ventricular repolarization Home Home

Name the parts of the conduction system

SA Node, AV Node, Purkinje Fibers Home Home

How many times does the heart beat a year?

35 million beats per year Home Home