Developing Data Attribution and Citation Practices and Standards: An International Symposium and Workshop August , 2011 Hotel Shattuck Plaza Data Citation Mechanism and Service for Scientific Data: Defining Framework for Biodiversity Data Publishers Vishwas Chavan Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) Secretariat August 22, 2011

GBIF, facilitating free and open access to biodiversity data Last updated: million Data records Data resources 342 Data Publishers

Anticipated impact of Data Citation Data Citation Data Discovery Data Publishing Data Preservation Data Use

Current Practice of Data Citation Source: GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.net Search string: Panthera tigris Search results: 696 records, from 37 datasets, published by 31 Data Publishers Date: Thursday, 4 November 2010, Time: Source: GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.net Search string: Panthera tigris Search results: 696 records, from 37 datasets, published by 31 Data Publishers Date: Thursday, 4 November 2010, Time: What was the search string? How many records were retrieved? How many Data Publishers contributed to the data? When search was carried out? Who is the original contributor of the data? Who played what role from collection to publishing? Please cite this data as follows: (accessed through GBIF data portal, Mammal specimens, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Vertebrate specimens, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Natural History Museum Rotterdam, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Database Schema for UC Davis Wildlife museum, (accessed through GBIF data portal, UNSM Vertebrate Specimens, Please cite this data as follows: (accessed through GBIF data portal, Mammal specimens, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Vertebrate specimens, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Natural History Museum Rotterdam, (accessed through GBIF data portal, Database Schema for UC Davis Wildlife museum, (accessed through GBIF data portal, UNSM Vertebrate Specimens, Existing Data Citation style How can I retrieve the same result? Un-answered facts

What is needed? Data citation mechanism Data citation style Recognise ALL with their roles (producer, publisher, aggregator, curator) Cascading Citations - citations within citations Data Citation Service Citation Registry service Citation Resolution service Discovery service Resolve to Full text citation Link to Underlying data

Solution under consideration

Style for Publisher determined citations: Key considerations  Types of Publishers  Publisher (individual)  Publisher (group of individuals)  Institution or Research Group or Consortium  Recognizing roll played by individuals  Collector, Curator, Administrator etc.  Release / Update frequency  One time release  Frequent updates  Primary URI to access dataset  Persistent Identifier of the dataset and/or citation  Dates of first release, and latest update  Nos. of data records

Publisher (individual) one time data release Publisher (YEAR),,, published,, released on,. Rumble KJ (1998). Cephalopods of North America records, published online, released on 31/12/1998, doi: /iisc Data Citation style for Publishers......

Publisher (group of individuals) frequent updates Publisher 1,..... and Publisher n,, published,, first released on,,. Remsen D, Bello J, Sheldon S, Raymond M, and AJK Arino (2005 -). Fishes of the Cape Cod Region, MA,USA records published online, first released on 17/05/2005, last updated on 10/10/2010, doi: /mbl Data Citation style for Publishers.....

Institute/Research Group/ Consortium – frequent updates,,,,,,,. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (2002 -), Museum Collection Records: Mammals records. Contributed by Helgen KM (Principal Investigator, cutrator, author), Gordon LK (manager, author, curator), Peurach SC (author, manager), Potter CW (manager, author), Carleton MD (curator), Maldonado JE (author, developer), Wilson DE (curator, author), Thorington Jr RW (curator, author, validator), Ludwig CA (manager, developer, author), Lunde DP (author). Published online, first released on 12/02/2002, last updated on 15/09/2010, doi: /smi Data Citation style for Publishers.....

User driven Citations: Key considerations Citations within citations Three types of citations User driven citations Publisher determined citations Use of Persistent Identifiers (PI) Persistent Identifiers for each citation types Support multiple types of PIs – Handles, ARK, PURL, URN, LSID, DoI etc.

Data Citation in future: hypothetical exemplification Source: GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.net Search string: Panthera tigris Search results: 696 records, from 37 datasets, published by 31 Data Publishers Date: Thursday, 4 November 2010, Time: Source: GBIF Data Portal, data.gbif.net Search string: Panthera tigris Search results: 696 records, from 37 datasets, published by 31 Data Publishers Date: Thursday, 4 November 2010, Time: (2010). user doi: /gbif (2010). user doi: /gbif User Search User driven citation using Persistent Identifier resolve to full composite citation and/or snapshot of resultant data can be accessed

(2010). Search string:Panthera tigris, 696 records, contributed by 37 data resources, user doi: /gbif , accessed on 04/11/2010, 10:03:30. 1.Louisian State University (2007), Museum of Natural Science: Collection of Mammal, records. Contributed by Patterson DN (Principal Investigator, architect, author), Sandeep PK (author, curator), Fieldman LN (author, developer), Remsen D (curator, validator), published online released on October 2007, doi: /lsu Michigan State University (2001 -), MSU Vertebrate Collection, records. Contributed by Cook DK (Principal Investigator, author, curator, validator), Hirsh L (author, architect, developer), Lane MP (manager, author, curator) , Morris JH (curator), published online first released on 01/10/2001, last updated on 18/01/2010, urn:lsid:msu.org:observation: Cursada PK, Bello J, and AJK Moelicker (2006), Natural History Museum Rotterdam: Mammal collection, 1123 records, published online, released on 7 July 2006, Rumble KJ (1998 -). Vertebarte collection of Rumble records, published online, first released on 13/09/1998, last updated on 27/01/2010, (2010). Search string:Panthera tigris, 696 records, contributed by 37 data resources, user doi: /gbif , accessed on 04/11/2010, 10:03:30. 1.Louisian State University (2007), Museum of Natural Science: Collection of Mammal, records. Contributed by Patterson DN (Principal Investigator, architect, author), Sandeep PK (author, curator), Fieldman LN (author, developer), Remsen D (curator, validator), published online released on October 2007, doi: /lsu Michigan State University (2001 -), MSU Vertebrate Collection, records. Contributed by Cook DK (Principal Investigator, author, curator, validator), Hirsh L (author, architect, developer), Lane MP (manager, author, curator) , Morris JH (curator), published online first released on 01/10/2001, last updated on 18/01/2010, urn:lsid:msu.org:observation: Cursada PK, Bello J, and AJK Moelicker (2006), Natural History Museum Rotterdam: Mammal collection, 1123 records, published online, released on 7 July 2006, Rumble KJ (1998 -). Vertebarte collection of Rumble records, published online, first released on 13/09/1998, last updated on 27/01/2010, Institutional dataset, onetime release, doi Institutional dataset, frequent update, lsid Full text composite citation Multiple authors, frequent update, ARK User driven citation Single author, frequent update, handel (2010). user doi: /gbif (2010). user doi: /gbif

Proposed Data Citation mechanism Publisher determined citations Detailed citation as part of metadata document, and/or Register citation at ‘Citation Service’ Persistent Identifier is assigned to metadata document and/or citations alone User driven citations Search data through Publisher access point Single dataset – Search result together with Publisher determined citation Multiple datasets – Search result together with all datasets User write ‘user driven’ string of citation User register citation with ‘Citation Service’ User archive snapshot of search linked to ‘user driven citation’

Process for Publisher determined citations Publishing ready dataset Publisher author ‘Metadata’ using metadata catalogue Metadata catalogue assign Persistent Identifier to the metadata document Publishing ready dataset Publisher write detailed citation using ‘Citation Registry Service’ Citation Registry Service assign the Persistent Identifier to the citation

Process for User driven citations User access data Finalise dataset for use Use ‘Citation Service’ Citation Service returns PI Archive dataset used

Issues and Challenges Complexity of data management Complexity of data networks Best practice guide for data citation Establishing ‘Data Citation Service’ Socio-cultural challenges Archival of dataset cited by user Sustenance of ‘Data Citation Service’

Data Paper: as an alternate solution

Data Paper: Incentivising Data Discovery

Reward data publishing Data Paper Metadata document

Data Publishing = Scholarly Publishing!