Chapter 7 How are Plants Classified

Plants Trivia What percent of a raw apple is water? 84% What percent of a cucumber is water? 96% How many kernels are on an average ear of corn? 800 kernels

Brainstorming Time! List some characteristics of all plants? With a partner, answer the following questions and WRITE down what you come up with! You will have approximately 15 minutes to do this (and do it WELL!) You will be sharing your thoughts! List some characteristics of all plants? How do humans use plants? List as many different types of plants you can think of!!! (hopefully your list is long) On the blank paper, draw a plant of your choice and label its parts/structures!

Put the following plants in order from most primitive (1) to most advanced (5). 4 3 2 5 1

All Plants… Are multicellular! Have rigid cell walls (made of cellulose) Have chloroplasts in their cells for photosynthesis! Photosynthesis: Water + Carbon Dioxide  glucose + oxygen C6H12O6

Kingdom Plantae is Divided into 2 Groups: Tracheophytes (advanced) Are vascular plants have transport tubes Larger Flowers, trees, shrubs, ferns Bryophytes (primative) Are non-vascular plants no transport tubes small Moss, liverworts, hogworts

Tracheophytes vs. Bryophytes

Bryophytes Most Primitive Pants Small! “pioneer plants” Examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Liverworts, Hornworts (Examples of Bryophytes) Marchantia Hornwort

WARM-UP (Review) What are 3 distinguishing characteristics of ALL plants? Multicellular, cell walls, chloroplasts The kingdom Plantae is divided into what 2 groups? Tracheophytes and Bryophytes What are the two main differences between those 2 plant groups? Vascularity (transport tubes) What group do mosses belong to? Bryophyte List the two phases of the moss life cycle? Spore-Producing Phase Gamete-Producing Phase

Ferns Oldest Tracheophyte! Feather-like leaves Reproduces by spores

Fern Structure

Spore-Producing Phase Gamete-Producing Phase Fern Life Cycle Spore-Producing Phase Gamete-Producing Phase

Let’s take a closer look at this life cycle! Dissection microscope – sori on underside of leaves Regular microscope – gametophyte

Gymnosperms Tracheophyte Means uncovered, exposed/naked seeds Has vascular tissue! Means uncovered, exposed/naked seeds Seed: reproductive structure of a plant. Contains own food for its growth. Woody stems Examples: Conifers (pine trees) Gingkos Cycads

Types of Gymnosperms Conifers (Produce cones) Ex- Pine, Spruce Ginkgos (Fan-like leaves) *Grow-well! Even in Pollution! Cycads (Tropical, large leaves)

Here’s something you may not know…. The needles on conifers are modified leaves. They still need to photosynthesis and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. If you look at the underside of the needles, you can see the little holes. Conifers can be identified by looking at the patterns of these holes on needles!

List as many angiosperms (flowering plants) as you can! Warm-Up List as many angiosperms (flowering plants) as you can! Here’s a start…

Angiosperms Flowering plants!  Largest plant group! 250,000 diff. types All have flowers and seeds! Tracheophytes (most advanced!) Vascularity (transport tubes) HIGHLY DEVELOPED! True roots, stems, and leaves Examples: Grasses, oak tree, tulip, corn

Seeds are Protected by Fruit (not naked like the Gymnosperms) Angiosperms are seed plants (produce seeds to reproduce) Seeds are enclosed in a fruit Many types of fruits!

Did You Know… These are all fruits too! SEED SEED SEED SEED

Angiosperms can either be… Monocot or Dicot Monocot – flowering plant with one cotyledon in its seeds Dicot – flowering plant with two cotyledons in its seeds Cotyledon – leaf-like structure inside a seed that contains food for the developing plant.

You can see the difference in cotyledon # two ways! Look at seeds Look at sprout structure!

Monocot vs. Dicot Chart