Thomas Jefferson, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812 Unit 11 Thomas Jefferson, Louisiana Purchase, War of 1812

Unit 11 Notebook Checklist Vocabulary Sheet Notes _________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ This notebook is worth ___________ Points. This notebook is due ____________.

After you get your folder, start working on your tests from yesterday After you get your folder, start working on your tests from yesterday. We will take the first part of class to finish them up. If you were not here, I put a test in your folder (get it started and come in and finish it later). If you do not get done today, you may come in to finish it sometime before Friday. I will stay after school today and Thursday.

                   Thomas Jefferson A Man of Many Talents

Unit 11 Vocabulary

Definition: Ensuring that all people have the same rights #1 Democratic Definition: Ensuring that all people have the same rights

#2 Capitalism Definition: an economic system where companies compete for money with no government involvement.

Definition: a long voyage of exploration #3 Expedition Definition: a long voyage of exploration

#4 Interpreter Definition: Someone who can translate (speak) one language into another.

Definition: to assault or harm another person #5 Violated Definition: to assault or harm another person

#6 Federal Government Definition: the government found in Washington D.C. Also known as the National government.

Definition: to set an example. #7 Precedent Definition: to set an example.

Definition: a person’s beliefs (something they stand for) #8 Platform Definition: a person’s beliefs (something they stand for)

#9 Tribute Definition: to bribe someone (to influence them to do something they normally would not).

Definition: forcing someone to fight for your army. #10 Impressment Definition: forcing someone to fight for your army.

Definition: a ban on trade. Example: Embargo on Cuba.

Definition: to illegally bring something into a country (drugs). #12 Smuggle Definition: to illegally bring something into a country (drugs).

Definition: to travel across something.. #13 Traverse Definition: to travel across something..

Definition: To have pride and respect for your country. #14 Nationalism Definition: To have pride and respect for your country.

#15 Jargon Definition – a language used for a particular job or situation; slang

#16 Idiom Definition – A phrase that means something other than what it says Example: A house divided against itself cannot stand.

Unit 11 Vocabulary List Directions: Define the following terms (10 Points) Democratic Capitalism Expedition Interpreter Violated Federal (Government) Precedent Platform Tribute Impressment Embargo Smuggle Traverse Nationalism

Unit 11 Important Terms List Directions: Use the glossary to describe the following terms. (10 Points) Laissez-Faire Free Market Marbury vs. Madison Judicial Review Pinckney Treaty Louisiana Purchase Continental Divide Embargo Act Nonintercourse Act War Hawks Treaty of Ghent

                   Thomas Jefferson A Man of Many Talents

After you get your folder, get out your vocabulary list from yesterday…..If you were not here, I will give you one.

At the top of the Unit 11 Important Terms paper write……… “For Fill In The Blank Part Of the Unit Test”

Thomas Jefferson invented many things Thomas Jefferson invented many things. Click on each picture to see a description of the invention. End Slide Show

Moldboard When in Europe as Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson observed that the Dutch moldboard, which is the front of a plow that lifts up and turns over sod, was awkward and ineffective. Setting his mind to the problem, Jefferson interwove art and purpose to invent a new moldboard based on pure mathematical principles, namely, the right angle. This original moldboard briefly transformed agriculture (before iron came to replace the wooden plows), and yet Jefferson never tried to patent it. Believing that invention should be solely for the good of the people and not for the advancement of the inventor, Jefferson encouraged public use of this easily duplicated invention. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

Wheel Cipher Jefferson developed his wheel cipher between the years 1792 and 1793 while he was serving as the United States' Secretary of State and the country was faced with controversial foreign policy and national security issues. The wheel cipher consisted of twenty-six cylindrical wooden pieces which each had a hole bored into its center so that they could then be threaded onto an iron spindle. On the edge of each wheel, all twenty-six letters of the alphabet was inscribed. By using the cipher, a person could scramble and unscramble letters in order to code messages. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

The Great Clock One of Jefferson's most visible inventions, the Great Clock, dominates the entrance hall of Monticello. Cannonballs from the Revolution, powered by gravity, hang along both sides of the doorway, and onlookers can read the day of the week and the time from markings on the wall. In another of Jefferson's insights, the Great Clock's face can be seen from both inside and outside to encourage exercise and productivity. The Great Clock was connected to a large copper gong on the roof and was reputed to sound all the way to the University of Virginia. Although he did collaborate on the clock with his mechanical confidant, Louis Leschot, the idea was Jefferson's. For repairs to the Great Clock, Jefferson invented a mahogany ladder that folded up into almost a pole for storage. This ladder, which Jefferson also recommended for pruning trees, was the first of its kind in the United States and, in the late 1800's, became prevalent in U.S. libraries. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

Jefferson designed an unique revolving stand with five adjustable rectangular shaped rests for holding books. The rests could be folded in to make a small smooth-surfaced box which could then attach to the base. The polygraph, another letter copying device, was invented by an Englishman, John Hawkins, but was perfected by Thomas Jefferson. When Jefferson first received the polygraph, constructed of two connected pens, he called it "the finest invention of the present age". (Jefferson to Bowdoin, 1806)In correspondence with museum director Charles Peale, Jefferson continually suggested improvements that arose through his observant use of the polygraph. Back to Invention Page End Slide Show

A Republican Takes Office A. Thomas Jefferson’s Inauguration was low key. 1. He believed the nation’s strength came from people. B. Jefferson’s Political Style 1. Democratic Principles– ensuring that all people have equal rights. a. He was an ordinary guy for ordinary people b. Started shaking hands (no bows) c. Supported the French (allies)

C. Smaller Federal Government 1. Economy – Laissez Faire = to let alone a. Capitalism 2. Less active government a. Smaller Army and Navy b. Repeal the Whiskey Tax (less government) D. Strengthening the Supreme Court 1. Marbury vs. Madison – 1803 – Sets a precedent a. Gave the Supreme Court the power to pass/reject laws based on the Constitution b. This is the most important role of the Supreme Court

You have a Vocabulary Quiz Today. Have your sentences ready to hand in. We will start the quiz after I hand out the folders. If you were not here yesterday, you can do your sentences and important terms during this time

Objective: To examine the importance of judicial review. (left) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall (below) incoming president, Thomas Jefferson (above) outgoing president John Adams (right) Secretary of State, James Madison

Supreme Court Case: Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial Review Supreme Court Case: Marbury v. Madison (1803) The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 to be unconstitutional. THEREFORE, the act was declared invalid. Marbury v. Madison established the power of judicial review. (the power of federal courts to decide whether an act of Congress is constitutional or unconstitutional.) Today, judicial review is one of the most important powers of the Supreme Court.

Unit 11 Section 2 Question Sheet Directions: Use pages 306-310 to find the information for the following questions. Why did the U.S. want control of the Mississippi River? What country allowed the U.S. to use the Mississippi River first (Pinckney Treaty)? In 1800, Louisiana made up the area between what two mountain ranges? What city is at the bottom of the Mississippi River? Who bought Louisiana from Spain before the U.S. then bought it? (the person, not the country). How much did Thomas Jefferson pay for Louisiana? Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana area (first and last names)? What city did these explorers start their expedition from? What were the two main reasons these explorers went on this expedition? What was the name of the Native American woman these explorers met up with who helped them by translating the Native American language into English? Why did these explorers give gifts like mirrors, beads, and knives to the Native Americans they met along the way? What ocean did these explorers reach at the end of their journey?

Lewis and Clark Team Expedition Baseball Cards Assignment: Each student is to create a baseball style information card involving either Merriwether Lewis, William Clark, or Sacagawea (you will be given a topic in class). The card will consist of a visual representation of your person (print out) and information on the back of the card which will be found through research in the handouts given to you in class. Directions: Step 1: You will be given a number. 1 = Merriwether Lewis 2 = William Clark; 3 = Sacagawea Step 2: During class, you need to find the information to complete the back of your baseball card. The information should include a biography, life highlights, and any other important information that you find about this person through your research. Step 3: Use the picture of your person for the front of your baseball card (decorate it however you want) Step 4: Create the card. There are only two requirements that I am looking for in this short assignment: 1) Label the front of the baseball card (that is up to you) 2) You need to have at least 10 pieces of information about the person on the back of your card (again, how you set up that information is up to you). ***PowerPoint Example from class Step 5: Create a question sheet to go along with your information (this will be explained after the cards are completed). Grading: 30 Points – All requirements need to be met Due Date: _______________

Have a book on your desk and open it to page 301.

The Louisiana Purchase A. Controlling the Mississippi River 1. Pinckney Treaty (terms sheet) 2. 1800 – Spain sells Louisiana to Napoleon 3. Jefferson then buys Louisiana for $15 Million a. Doubles the size of the United States b. Merriwether Lewis and William Clark are chosen to explore the West (expedition) 1. They will look at Geography and Native Americans

The Haitian Revolution In 1801, Toussaint L'Ouverture led black slaves in a revolt in Haiti against the French, killing 35,000 French soldiers. • Haiti became an independent nation in 1804. Video: (6:35) Freeing Haiti (Segment from Africans in America: Brotherly Love: 1791–1831)

The Louisiana Purchase France was on the brink of war with Great Britain and needed money. Therefore, the French leader, Napoleon, sold all of Louisiana to the U.S. for $15 million in 1803.

B. Lewis and Clark Expedition 1. 50 men and women – Volunteers and Slaves 2. Met various Indians and gave gifts a. Beads, mirrors and knives b. Met Sacagawea of the Shoshone Tribe c. She spoke English (Interpreter) 3. Traveled over the Rockies and across the Continental Divide 4. Nov. 7, 1805 – Reached the Pacific

* The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the U.S.!

(left) William Clark and (right) Meriwether Lewis Lewis and Clark Lewis and Clark were sent to find an all water route across the continent. The party consisted of 33 people and Lewis’ dog. (left) William Clark and (right) Meriwether Lewis

Sacagawea, a Shoshone woman, served as their guide and interpreter.

Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List Mathematical Instruments: surveyor’s compass hand compass telescope chronometer (needed to calculate longitude) Clothing: 45 flannel shirts coats shoes woolen pants blankets knapsacks stockings

Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List Camp Supplies: 150 yards of cloth to be oiled and sewn into tents and sheets 30 steels for striking to make fire handsaws hatchets whetstones iron corn mill mosquito curtains 10 1/2 pounds of fishing hooks and fishing lines 12 pounds of soap 193 pounds of "portable soup" (a thick paste concocted by boiling down beef, eggs and vegetables) three bushels of salt writing paper, ink and crayons

Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List Arms and Ammunition: 15 prototype Model 1803 muzzle-loading .54 caliber rifles knives 500 rifle flints 420 pounds of sheet lead for bullets 176 pounds of gunpowder packed in 52 lead canisters 1 long-barreled rifle that fired its bullet with compressed air, rather than by flint, spark and powder

Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List Medicine and Medical Supplies: 50 dozen Dr. Rush’s patented "Rush’s pills" lancets forceps syringes tourniquets 1,300 doses of physic 1,100 hundred doses of emetic 3,500 doses of diaphoretic (sweat inducer) other drugs for blistering, salivation and increased kidney output

Lewis and Clark’s Corps of Expedition: A Partial Supply List Presents for Indian Tribes Encountered: 12 Dozen pocket mirrors 4,600 Sewing needles 144 Small scissors 10 Pounds (4.5 kilograms) of sewing thread Silk ribbons Ivory combs Handkerchiefs Yards of bright-colored cloth 130 Rolls of tobacco Tomahawks that doubled as pipes 288 Knives 20 Pounds (9 kilograms) of assorted beads, mostly blue 5 Pounds (2 kilograms) of small, white, glass beads

Louisiana Purchase Map Assignment Directions: On your maps, label the following items. Rivers Rio Grande Mississippi Ohio Platte Missouri Columbia Arkansas Colorado Snake Color Code the following 4 areas on your map (include a key): Spanish Territory Oregon Country Louisiana Purchase United States Mountain Ranges Rocky Mountains Appalachian Mts. Cities New Orleans Santa Fe St. Louis Bodies of Water Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico Put the map and then the multiple choice question sheet ***These items can be found on pages 301, 308, and the atlas (621) ***Use page 621 to label the states (you may abbreviate) shown on the map Grading: 15 Points – all items must be labeled

A man was found murdered on Sunday morning A man was found murdered on Sunday morning. His wife immediately called the police. The police questioned the wife and staff and got their alibis (excuses): The wife said she was sleeping The cook was cooking breakfast The gardener was picking vegetables The maid was getting the mail The butler was cleaning the closet The police instantly arrested the murderer. Who did it and how did they know?

New Threats from Overseas A. World Trade 1. Yankee Traders (Northerners) a. Traded Ice for Silk with China b. Attacked by African Pirates and steal their goods. c. We attack African and they don’t bother us again. B. American Neutrality is Violated 1. France and Britain are fighting a. British Impressment of American Ships b. U.S. wants to go to war. C. Jefferson Tries an Embargo 1. 1807 – Embargo Act (terms sheet) a. Hurts the U.S. more than anyone b. Caused smuggling of goods by Americans c. Non-Intercourse Act (Terms Sheet)

Objective: To examine the major events leading up to the War of 1812. Do Now: p. 280 How was the U.S. able to profit from the war between England and France? U.S. merchants profited by selling goods to both the British and the French.

American merchant Great Britain France I hate you, French dude! Je vous hais plus! You boys can keep on killing each other. If either of y’all need anything, just give us Yankees a holler! France

Causes of the War of 1812 Great Britain • In 1803, Britain and France went to war again. • Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy. France

Causes of the War of 1812 Great Britain • In 1803, Britain and France went to war again. • Both countries seized U.S. ships sailing towards the ports of their enemy. France

• Britain continued its’ impressment of U.S. sailors. Between 1808 and 1811 over 6,000 Americans were impressed by the British.

One cause of the War of 1812 was the British disregard of American shipping rights. British ships frequently stopped American ships, confiscated their cargo, and impressed (captured) crew members, claiming they were deserters from Britain’s Royal Navy.

President Thomas Jefferson I know what to do! If we don’t allow American ships to trade with anyone, then they won’t get attacked! Mr. President, the British and French keep seizing American merchant ships. Something must be done! True, but that’s not what I had in mind! President Thomas Jefferson American merchant

Non-Intercourse Act (1809) Embargo Act (1807) • The Embargo Act banned U.S. ships from trading with any country. All imports and exports were banned! • This hurt the U.S. economy! Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Trade with all nations was allowed except Britain or France.

The Embargo Act of 1813 is personified by a huge terrapin, who seizes a smuggler by the pants. The cartoon was aimed at the people of New England, who, allegedly, were supplying the British with provisions.

War Hawks War Hawks – members of Congress, led by Henry Clay of Kentucky, that wanted to declare war on Great Britain 34 year old Henry Clay, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives and War Hawk leader.

War Hawk’s Rationale for War I. Nationalism – pride or devotion to one’s country Many Americans felt that Great Britain still treated the United States like a British colony. II. Revenge War Hawk’s wanted to revenge on Britain for seizing American ships.

War Hawk’s Rationale for War III. Territorial Expansion Henry Clay wanted an excuse to conquer Canada from Great Britain and Florida from Spain. IV. Native American Attacks War Hawks felt that Great Britain was arming Native Americans on the frontier and encouraging them to attack Americans.

The Causes and Effects of War A. Fighting with the Native Americans 1. We are taking over the West, they are mad. 2. British supplied the N. Americans with weapons a. They were told to attack the Americans b. Done because they were not allowed to trade with the U.S. but France is. B. War Hawks 1. People from the South and West wanted a war. a. They had a sense of nationalism. b. They also wanted Florida and the West. C. Congress Declares War 1. June 12, 1812 (President Madison)

Reasons why the United States and Great Britain went to War Indians were given guns by the British War Hawks wanted to fight Wanted to take Canada Wanted to take Florida Impressment Britain U.S. still traded with France and not the British 1811 – Had a naval battle with the U.S.

The War of 1812 A. Early Stages 1. U.S. unprepared – Jefferson reduced the army 2. Had to rely on volunteers a. Poorly trained, deserted after a few months 3. British blockades on American ports. B. War in the West 1. U.S. has many victories over the Native Americans. C. Final Battle 1. 1814 – British defeat France a. Now they can send over more troops. 2. British land at Chesapeake Bay (strategy) a. They take over D.C. And burn the White House b. Then went to Baltimore and Fort McHenry c. Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner 3. Battle of New Orleans – 1814 a. Jackson was waiting for them (dug trenches). b. 2,000 British die; 7 Americans die. D. Peace Treaty 1. Treaty of Ghent – Dec. 24, 1814 a. Canada and U.S. border settled.

Objective: To examine the causes and effects of the War of 1812. Do Now: What were the three major reasons that the United States declared war on Great Britain in 1812? The U.S. declared war on Great Britain because of their: - impressment of U.S. sailors. - violation of U.S. sea rights. - support of Native Americans.

Washington, D.C is Attacked The city was completely unprepared for the invaders, but one woman took immediate action. Even as people were fleeing the city in droves, First Lady Dolley Madison refused to leave without some of the nation's most important treasures-including the famous Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington. In 1814, the British set Washington, D.C. on fire, including the White House.

The Star-Spangled Banner The British attacked Fort McHenry at Baltimore. Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a British ship, where he was trying to convince the British to release an American prisoner.

The Star-Spangled Banner, written in Francis Scott Key’s own handwriting. (1840)

The Old Defenders, veterans of the Battle of Baltimore, marched in parades in Baltimore on Sept. 12, Defenders' Day, for the rest of their lives. These Old Defenders were photographed in 1880.

The original Star-Spangled Banner The Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History, Washington, D.C.

Treaty of Ghent While it ended the war, the treaty did not resolve any of the problems between Britain and the U.S.

Battle of New Orleans Led by Gen. Andrew Jackson, the U.S. defeated the British two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed. Casualties: Britain – 2,030; U.S. – 7

Battle of New Orleans: Eyewitness Accounts “Such a destruction of men, for the time it lasted, was never before witnessed” - American Engineer Major Tatum Howell