Anxiety & Depression Disorders

Anxiety Feeling of uneasy or worry about what may happen. Feeling of uneasy or worry about what may happen. Positive Anxiety => motivating (school, athletics, community, special cause) Positive Anxiety => motivating (school, athletics, community, special cause) Negative Anxiety => lack of concentration, fear or dread. Negative Anxiety => lack of concentration, fear or dread. Symptoms = perspiration, trembling, restlessness, muscle tension, rapid heart beat, lightheaded, or shortness of breath. Symptoms = perspiration, trembling, restlessness, muscle tension, rapid heart beat, lightheaded, or shortness of breath.

Types of Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder = extreme fear and dread strike unexpectedly and repeatedly (no reason and physical symptoms) Panic Disorder = extreme fear and dread strike unexpectedly and repeatedly (no reason and physical symptoms) Obsessive-compulsive = intrusive, unwanted, repetitive thoughts and rituals performed out of a feeling or urgent need. Obsessive-compulsive = intrusive, unwanted, repetitive thoughts and rituals performed out of a feeling or urgent need. Post-traumatic stress disorder = terrifying event that keeps returning in memories. Post-traumatic stress disorder = terrifying event that keeps returning in memories.

Disorders (cont.) Phobias = a fear of an object or situation Phobias = a fear of an object or situation Social phobia > fear of embarrassment. Social phobia > fear of embarrassment. Generalized Anxiety Disorder = exaggerated worry and tension over everyday events and decisions. Generalized Anxiety Disorder = exaggerated worry and tension over everyday events and decisions.

Mental/Emotional Disorders Schizophrenia = a person loses contact with reality; delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or bizarre behavior. Triggered by genetics, environment, changes in brain chemistry. Schizophrenia = a person loses contact with reality; delusions, hallucinations, disorganized or bizarre behavior. Triggered by genetics, environment, changes in brain chemistry. Bipolar = episodes of mania and depression. Neurotransmitters may release too little or too much. Bipolar = episodes of mania and depression. Neurotransmitters may release too little or too much.

Disorders (cont.) Personality disorders = chronic mental disorder (stress); trouble functioning in society. Personality disorders = chronic mental disorder (stress); trouble functioning in society. Passive-aggressive = deals with their aggression in a very passive way. Passive-aggressive = deals with their aggression in a very passive way.

Factors of Anxiety Fearful events Fearful events Early life stress = separation anxiety Early life stress = separation anxiety Hormones = Hormones = Cortisol = the “stress hormone” present during the ‘fight or flight’ response. Cortisol = the “stress hormone” present during the ‘fight or flight’ response. Epinephrine/norepinephrine = released during times of fear and anger (heart rate & glucose/glycogen levels) Epinephrine/norepinephrine = released during times of fear and anger (heart rate & glucose/glycogen levels) Genetics = gene that influences fearfulness. Genetics = gene that influences fearfulness.

Treatments Medications Medications Biomedical Therapy Biomedical Therapy Number of medications are at the highest level. Number of medications are at the highest level. Antidepressants Antidepressants Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Behavioral therapy: change actions through Breathing techniques Exposure Cognitive- behavioral: understanding thinking patterns Group Therapy

Suicide What could lead a person to kill themselves? What could lead a person to kill themselves? Teen suicide is the second leading cause of death, surpassed by accidents. Teen suicide is the second leading cause of death, surpassed by accidents. Girls attempt suicide more often than boys. Girls attempt suicide more often than boys. Overwhelmed with emotions, thoughts, anxiety, disappointment, confusion. Overwhelmed with emotions, thoughts, anxiety, disappointment, confusion.

Warning Signs Talking about suicide or death Talking about suicide or death Talking about “going away” Talking about “going away” Giving possessions away Giving possessions away Feelings of hopelessness/guilt Feelings of hopelessness/guilt Isolation Isolation Lack of motivation/lose of interests Lack of motivation/lose of interests Self-destructive behaviors Self-destructive behaviors Change in eating/sleeping patterns Change in eating/sleeping patterns

What Should I do? Talk to someone you trust right away = help to work through situations. Talk to someone you trust right away = help to work through situations. Talking with someone may help that person to feel less alone Talking with someone may help that person to feel less alone No matter what = seek help (even if a friend swears you to secrecy). No matter what = seek help (even if a friend swears you to secrecy).

Cluster Suicides Type of suicide agreement or pact to commit act together (Columbine High School) Type of suicide agreement or pact to commit act together (Columbine High School) Cluster suicides account for 5% of suicides in any given year. Cluster suicides account for 5% of suicides in any given year.

Who to turn to? Psychiatrist = psychology and medical doctor (can prescribe medication) Psychiatrist = psychology and medical doctor (can prescribe medication) Psychologist = doctor of psychology Psychologist = doctor of psychology Social worker Social worker Counselor Counselor

Grieving Process Purpose of this process is to reach closure, or acceptance of a loss. Purpose of this process is to reach closure, or acceptance of a loss. Denial or numbness Denial or numbness Emotional Releases Emotional Releases Anger Anger Bargaining Bargaining Depression Depression Remorse Remorse Acceptance Acceptance Hope Hope