Bell Starter Reconstruction Focus Questions What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. What is meant by the phrase “40 acres and a mule”? What were the goals of the KKK? What were the failures of Reconstruction? What were the successes of Reconstruction?

Reconstruction Plans Describe the Plan Reconstruction Plan Starter: Copy the frame and begin filling in the chart using the textbook or the blue EOC Review Book. YOU WILL HAVE 20 MINUTES. This can be placed directly in your NOTES for today. Reconstruction Plans Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction)

Reconstruction 1865-1877 Goal 3 Lesson 3

Reconstruction Reconstruction was the time period after the Civil War in which the nation was rebuilt, especially the South The South was physically, economically, and politically destroyed. What would all of these freed slaves do?

How to implement Reconstruction? Different groups had different ideas on how to rebuild. Was the Executive Branch or the Legislative Branch in charge of Reconstruction?

Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan (1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction) The government would pardon former Confederates, and compensate property lost, except high ranking officials After 10% of those who voted in 1860 took the oath & wrote a Constitution, they could form a new state government and gain representation in Congress (providing education for African Americans)

Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction) Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Andrew Johnson’s Plan (Presidential Reconstruction) Each confederate state could be readmitted to the Union if it would meet several conditions Each would have to withdraw its secession, swear allegiance to the Union, annul Confederate war debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment.

Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction) Reconstruction Plan Describe the Plan Reconstruction Act of 1867 (Congressional Reconstruction) Divided the confederate states into 5 military districts, each headed by a Union general. The voters in the districts (including blacks) would elect delegates to conventions in which new state constitutions would be drafted In order to reenter the Union, state constitutions had to ensure that black men could vote & the state had to ratify the 14th Amendment

Lincoln’s Assassination Five days after the Civil War ended, Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play, (Our American Cousin) at Ford’s Theater in Washington, DC. His assassin was John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate supporter. Booth escaped and was found days later in a barn. Lincoln, Vice-President (Johnson), Secretary of State (William Seward) Lincoln was the first president to be assassinated. Vice President Andrew Johnson became President.

Radical Republicans During Reconstruction, a group called the Radical Republicans controlled Congress. Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner led this group. They wanted to destroy the power of former slaveholders. They wanted African Americans to have full citizenship, including suffrage (the right to vote).

13th Amendment Outlawed slavery in America Many former slaves were reunited with their families. Many became sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Sharecroppers: farmers who worked someone else’s land & gave at least ½ of the profit to the landowner at harvest time. People in the North called sharecropping the “continuation of slavery”. Tenant Farmers: Rented the land and kept the profit from the harvest.

Freedmen’s Bureau During Reconstruction, Congress approved the passage of the Freedmen’s Bureau (1865). It assisted former slaves and poor Southern whites by distributing food and clothes, and establishing hospitals, teacher training programs, schools, and industrial institutions. Lack of strong support disband in 1869.

Carpetbaggers Carpetbaggers were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of the turmoil in the South Many came for humanitarian reasons, like to be teachers or work for the Freedmen’s Bureau Some came to start businesses and take advantage of Southern poverty

Scalawags Scalawags were Southerners who became members of the Republican party Southerners were Democrats during the Civil War To become a member of the Republican party meant you were a traitor

Important Reconstruction Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1866- gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws (called black codes) Black codes – sought to limit the rights of African Americans and keep them as landless workers. 14th Amendment- made all people born or naturalized in the U.S. citizens. Also gave citizens equal protection under the law 15th Amendment- no one could be denied the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude

Conflict between the President and Congress With the passage of the Reconstruction Act of 1867, Congress was in charge of implementing Reconstruction. Andrew Johnson did not agree that Congress should be in charge. Johnson fired the Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who was a Radical Republican. (appointed by Lincoln) This violated the Tenure in Office Act, which limited the power of the President to hire & fire government officials. Congress had to approve the removal of certain officials from office.

Johnson Impeached Violation of Tenure Act House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson Led by Radical Republican, Thaddeus Steven,. He was found not guilt by one vote. (2/3 votes Senate) Johnson did not run for re-election.

Ulysses S. Grant becomes President Former Union General, Ulysses S. Grant, was elected President of the United States. He was a good general, but not a good politician. His administration was plagued with corruption.

Democrats Come to Power In Election of 1874, the Democrats came to power again in the South. This time period is known as “redemption”. Politicians aimed to repair the South in the eyes of Congress Democrats controlled the state governments in the South. They also gained power in Congress. “Solid South”

Compromise of 1877 The Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction. In the election of 1876, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President by one electoral vote. Instead of the Democrats making a big issue out of the election results, they made a deal with the Republicans. The Democrats would allow Hayes to stay President, if the Republicans would pull the military out of the South, appoint Southerner to a cabinet position, states guaranteed federal subsidies to rebuild railroads and improve the ports.

Rutherford B. Hayes

What group made up the majority of Southern Republicans? African American men who could vote for the first time

Hiram Revels, 1st African American Senator

What is meant by the phrase “40 Acres and a Mule” General Sherman promised freed slaves who followed his army 40 acres per family and use of an army mule Land abandoned by planter or confiscated by the federal government Rejected by southern landowners Plan abolished by Johnson

What were the goals of the KKK? To restore white supremacy To prohibit African Americans from exercising their rights as citizens * To terrorize those who wanted progress for African Americans

What were the failures of Reconstruction? Discrimination and racist attitudes still existed Jim Crow laws established (segregation laws; laws that separated the races) Examples: literacy tests, poll taxes, Grandfather clause-allow a person to vote if their ancestors had voted prior to 1866.

What were the successes of Reconstruction? The 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments gave rights to African Americans African Americans established churches, schools, and civic organizations, gained more political power, economic and social freedom Southern economy expanded

Name five (5) ways the lives of Southern African Americans changed during reconstruction. Searched for loved ones Went to school Able to hold paying jobs Established churches Could travel freely They could run for political office & vote