North Carolina in the Civil War Chapter 15

Preparing for War The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union; the Union wanted to abolish (end) slavery The goal of the U.S. was to restore the Union; the Union wanted to abolish (end) slavery Emancipation Proclamation: a document of President Lincoln; freed all slaves in the Confederate states July 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation: a document of President Lincoln; freed all slaves in the Confederate states July 1, 1863

Union Advantages of the North Advantages of the North Outnumbered the Confederates Outnumbered the Confederates Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal factories, textile mills, and arsenals Had more shipyards, iron mills, metal factories, textile mills, and arsenals Had railroads Had railroads Had a functioning government Had a functioning government

Confederates Advantages of the South War was fought in the South Fighting on familiar territory Had some military training Had strong military leaders

Union Strategies Military Anaconda Plan: blockade all Confederate ports and seize the Mississippi River Union ships blockaded the southern coast to cut off supply routes between the South and Europe Political Stop European nations from recognizing the Confederacy

Confederate Strategies Military Wear down the invading Union armies Ensure that the Union blockade didn’t work Used swift raiders, fast, lightly armed ships to capture Union merchant ships Political King Cotton Diplomacy: stop selling cotton abroad in hopes that the French and British would be forced to help the Confederates break blockades to get the cotton that they needed

War on the Coast The North Carolina coast was the most vulnerable to Union attack. Forts Clark and Hatteras were set up on the Outer Banks to guard the inlets into the sounds.

War on the Coast, con’t. By taking control of NC’s mainland, Union forces: By taking control of NC’s mainland, Union forces: 1) Could attack the railroad, preventing supplies from reaching Lee’s army 2) Would be able to stop attacks by Confederate naval forces

Wartime Politics The Conscription Act of 1862 made men between the ages of 18 and 35 eligible to be drafted.

The Election of 1862 During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance was elected governor of North Carolina. During the elections of 1862, Zebulon Vance was elected governor of North Carolina. Zebulon Vance served as governor during most of the Civil War. Zebulon Vance served as governor during most of the Civil War.

Conflicts with the Confederacy During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy disagreed over: During the war, N.C. and the Confederacy disagreed over: Conscription Conscription The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus The defense of the states The defense of the states The appointment of officers from other states for N.C. regiments The appointment of officers from other states for N.C. regiments The violation of rights of North Carolinians The violation of rights of North Carolinians

Blockade Running Wilmington, NC became the Confederacy’s largest blockade running port. In 1863, Governor Vance purchased a blockade running steamship named the Advance.

War in the East In 1863, the Confederate Navy began building an ironclad ram named the Albemarle. The Albemarle was to be used to sink Union ships. In October 1864, the Albemarle sank.

War in the Mountains Many people in the mountains of NC Many people in the mountains of NC Harbored deserters and draft resisters Harbored deserters and draft resisters Supported the Union during the war Supported the Union during the war Helped Union prisoners escape from the Confederate prison at Salisbury Helped Union prisoners escape from the Confederate prison at Salisbury

The Home Front Effects of the war on people in the South: Shortage of food, salt, cloth (for clothing), shoes and medicines Women were left to tend children and farms Inflation (driving up prices) Richard Gatling: patented the Gatling gun; his first invention was a rice seed planter

The Peace Movement North Carolina’s Peace Movement: North Carolina’s Peace Movement: Led by William Holden Led by William Holden Was accused of encouraging southern soldiers to desert Was accused of encouraging southern soldiers to desert Selected 6 Confederate congressmen Selected 6 Confederate congressmen

Beginning of the End Fort Fisher was captured in January 1865 Fort Fisher was captured in January 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at Appomattox General Robert E. Lee surrendered on April 9 at Appomattox On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett Place On April 26, General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Bennett Place