Essential Question: What types of molecules are in the body?

Lipids macromolecules that include fats, which store large amounts of energy. chemical names of fats or molecules that are called fat soluble (dissolve in fat). called fatty acids Fats can be saturated, which means that they are a solid at room temperature like lard, or unsaturated, which are liquids at room temperature like vegetable oil. All lipids are hydrophobic=they do not mix with water.

If you make salad dressing using oil and water, you can shake it to mix it but the oil and water will quickly separate again. This is because the oil (a lipid) is hydrophobic and does not mix with water.

Lipids are substances that are related to fat stored in your body. These substances are actually used for energy storage, serve as structural components of cell membranes, and are important hormones those contain essential fatty acids. Remember:“stores the most energy” Remember: “stores the most energy”

There are thousands of lipid formulas that are involved in the chemical calculations for the different types of lipids.

6 Six functions of lipids: 1.Long term energy storage 2.Protection against heat loss (insulation) 3.Protection against physical shock 4.Protection against water loss 5.Chemical messengers (hormones) 6.Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

Proteins Proteins are a group of macromolecules that have many different structures and functions. Proteins can be structural like the proteins that make up your hair and fingernails, but they can also do many other jobs. Proteins are a group of macromolecules that have many different structures and functions. Proteins can be structural like the proteins that make up your hair and fingernails, but they can also do many other jobs.

made of building blocks called amino acids, and then folded into complicated three- dimensional shapes that allow them to do their job. Proteins->Enzymes One important group of proteins is enzymes, which make chemical reactions occur faster. For example, enzymes in your stomach help you to digest your food. All proteins are

9 Proteins Six functions of proteins: Six functions of proteins: 1.Storage:albumin (egg white) 2.Transport: hemoglobin 3.Regulatory:hormones 4.Movement:muscles 5.Structural:membranes, hair, nails 6.Enzymes:cellular reactions

There is no general structural formula for proteins-all proteins are different, but all are made up of amino acids, which have the general formula NH3CHRCOOH, with the R being the group that makes each of the 20 amino acids unique-the simplest of the R groups is a hydrogen atom.

11 Nucleic acids Two types: Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) Nucleic acids nucleotides dehydration synthesis Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides linked by dehydration synthesis. nitrogenous bases: nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) thymine (T)DNAonly uracil (U) RNA only cytosine (C) guanine (G)

Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are the last category of macromolecules. The most familiar type of nucleic acid is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the molecule that carries all the instructions to make an organism. DNA is inherited meaning it is passed from parent to offspring. DNA is made of building blocks called nucleotides. DNA is found in the nucleus of cells. All living things from bacteria to elephants have DNA made of nucleotides in their cells.