Lincoln’s 10% plan Andrew Johnson Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction Black Codes Freedman’s Bureau Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14 th Amendment Election of 1866 (mid-term elections) Reconstruction Act of 1867 Tenure of Office Act Impeachment 15 th Amendment

Origins of Reconstruction Lincoln’s 10% Plan “Compassionate Reconstruction”- 10% of 1860 voters pledge allegiance to the United States, hold state constitutions to draft a new government (Excludes high ranking confederate officials) Plan does not die with Lincoln Andrew Johnson will modify the plan, but still tries to push for its implementation

Andrew Johnson (Democrat) Self made man residing from the state of Tennessee True rags to riches story (educated by his wife, worked as a tailor) Known for his rhetorical prowess Only congressman to retain his seat after the Confederacy leaves the Union Appointed as military governor of Tennessee after the state was secured by Union victories Given the republican nominations as V.P in 1864 (may receive Southern support – paradox) Supports poor farmers (anti-plantation rich farmers)

Andrew Johnson After Lincoln is assassinated, Johnson takes over as President. Establishes his own generous reconstruction terms Grants several pardons (upsets Rad. Rep.) Tells states to hold constitutional conventions: creating governments that ended secession voided slavery ratified the 13 th amendment stop payments of war debts Conventions would then call for elections once these governments were established

Southern and Radical Republican reactions Many areas enact the black codes Established curfews oppressive labor contracts vagrancy laws Resort to violence to enforce the black codes and intimidate blacks (KKK) Shocked by this, Radical Republicans and other Northerners attempt to help the freedmen Establish the Freedman’s Bureau, designed to aid blacks with education, food, and shelter.

Southern and Radical Republican reactions To take reconstruction a step further (the Rep. completely disagreed with Johnson’s policy) the republicans establish the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Designed to ensure rights for the Freedmen, the act was vetoed by Johnson Congress (for the FIRST time in history) overrides the veto and passes the 14 th Amendment to the Constitution Ensures due process and equal legal protection for all citizens 14 th amendment would also try to override the Presidential pardon by stating that only congress could allow Confederate officials to take office

Southern and Radical Republican reactions With the election of 1866, more Radical Republicans came to office as Blacks voted predominately for Republicans With new power in Congress, Radical Republicans (Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner etc.) pass more reconstruction acts

Southern and Radical Republican reactions: Reconstruction Acts Establish marshal law in the South with Military Reconstruction Act of military districts governed by Northern generals Under this rule, all African Americans were permitted to vote for new state delegates to create constitutions (excluded ex- Confederates) Guaranteed that the 14 th amendment would be ratified

Southern and Radical Republican reactions: Reconstruction Acts Tenure of Office Act: designed to regulate the power of the president Any presidential appointee had to recieve support from Congress (already established). But if the President wanted to remove an appointee he also needed Congressional support Johnson tries to bypass this, and attempts to remvoe Sec. Of War Erwin Stanton (Rad. Rep.) Congress sights this as a violation of law and impeaches Johnson (high crimes and misdemeanors) Johnson is impeached and is treid before a bias Senate Not removed from office by one vote

Johnson remains president, but is virtually a lame duck as any attempts by him to regulate Congress is overridden That same year Ulysses S. Grant is nominated for the presidency Grant would win by a narrow margin largely due to the votes of several African Americans Realizing the power of the Black vote, Congress passes the 15 th amendment that would ensure that all races would have the right to vote. Also guaranteed several elections for Radical Republicans