Drug Use, Brain Function, and Chemical Dependency/Addiction - What are the 5 major factors that influence the choices teens make about drug use? - What happens in the brain when drugs are used? - How does addiction develop?

DRUG Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind (serves no medical purpose) Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind (serves no medical purpose) Tobacco Tobacco Alcohol Alcohol

MEDICINE Substances that when taken into or applied to the body as directed, help prevent or cure some diseases, injuries, or medical problems. Substances that when taken into or applied to the body as directed, help prevent or cure some diseases, injuries, or medical problems. Vaccines Vaccines Antibiotics Antibiotics Pain relievers; aspirin, ibuprofen; vasodilators Pain relievers; aspirin, ibuprofen; vasodilators

ILLEGAL DRUG Dangerous substances that change the body or the mind and which are against the law to buy, sell, make or use. Dangerous substances that change the body or the mind and which are against the law to buy, sell, make or use. Marijuana (except in 14 states for medicinal purposes only) Marijuana (except in 14 states for medicinal purposes only) Cocaine Cocaine Heroin Heroin LSD LSD PCP PCP

4 Classifications of Drugs STIMULANT STIMULANT DEPRESSANT DEPRESSANT NARCOTIC NARCOTIC HALLUCINOGEN HALLUCINOGEN

5 Major Factors ___________________ ___________________ PEER PRESSURE FAMILY ROLE MODELS MEDIA MESSAGES PERCEPTION

Stages of Addiction EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL USE/USE FOR EFFECT ABUSE/ PREOCCUPATION WITH EFFECT CHRONIC CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY

Experimental Use/Learning No adverse behavioral effects may be detected; substance has not yet interfered with lifestyle No adverse behavioral effects may be detected; substance has not yet interfered with lifestyle Uses at parties, on the weekends, or under peer pressure Uses at parties, on the weekends, or under peer pressure Easy to get drunk/high due to lack of tolerance Easy to get drunk/high due to lack of tolerance User controls use; quantity and frequency User controls use; quantity and frequency

Social Use/Use for Effect Tolerance begins to develop Tolerance begins to develop Individual suffers slight problems such as hangovers Individual suffers slight problems such as hangovers Individual develops self-imposed rules about use Individual develops self-imposed rules about use The user starts actively seeking the “good feeling” produced by the substance(s) by planned use or drugs/alcohol. Planned use involves buying substances. The user starts actively seeking the “good feeling” produced by the substance(s) by planned use or drugs/alcohol. Planned use involves buying substances.

Abuse/Preoccupied with Effect User experiences a cost increase due to increased/high tolerance User experiences a cost increase due to increased/high tolerance Increase in frequency of use; solitary use occurs Increase in frequency of use; solitary use occurs Lifestyle begins to change; facilitates use. Lifestyle begins to change; facilitates use. Rationalization and projection become more frequent Rationalization and projection become more frequent Loss of control occurs; using more than planned, etc. Loss of control occurs; using more than planned, etc. Substance is used to help cope with feelings of anger, guilt, fear, and/or anxiety Substance is used to help cope with feelings of anger, guilt, fear, and/or anxiety Denial grows; violates individual value system Denial grows; violates individual value system

Chronic Chemical Dependency Individuals feels alone; isolated Individuals feels alone; isolated May experience a loss of desire to live; suicidal thoughts/attempts May experience a loss of desire to live; suicidal thoughts/attempts Physical problems Physical problems User uses substance to feel normal rather than the feeling of pleasure User uses substance to feel normal rather than the feeling of pleasure Blackouts are long and frequent Blackouts are long and frequent Complete loss of control; theft, arrest, etc Complete loss of control; theft, arrest, etc