Mr. Buttell West Broward HS APUSH The 1850-1860s: Secession to War KC 5.2 All Mr. Buttell West Broward HS APUSH

Free Soil Party WHY? Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men! “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats. Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties. Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new territories! WHY?

The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

Westward the Course of Empire Emmanuel Leutze, 1860

The Mexican Cession

Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 California statehood. Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws

Concessions to the North Concessions to the South Compromise of 1850 Concessions to the North Concessions to the South CA admitted as free state Territory disputed by TX and NM to be surrendered to NM Abolition of slave trade (not slavery) in D.C. Remainder of MX cession, formed into territories of NM and UT, slavery = Pop. Sov. TX to receive $10 million for compensation from federal govt. More stringent fugitive-slave law

Compromise of 1850

1852 Presidential Election √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852 Election Results

Territorial Growth to 1853 Sec. of War Jefferson Davis sent James Gadsden as minister of Mexico. Want 1st Transcontinental RR built in South

Expansionist Young America in the 1850s America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America Clayton-Bulwer Treaty; Neither US or Britain would control an Isthmus in Latin America

CUBA – Pearl of the Antilles Established slave country Spanish govt. rebuffed two attempts by southerners Pres. Pierce plans the Ostend Manifesto with U.S. diplomats in Europe to purchase Cuba for $120 million. If Spain refused, the U.S. would attack since Europe is dealing with the Crimean War

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas” “Senator Butler, you have taken the Harlot slavery as your mistress.” -Charles Sumner (1856) Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American (Know Not)

1856 Election Results

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Lecompton Constitution 1857 Kansas writes constitution Vote for it with or without slavery Against it, would protect the established slave system Proslaveryites approved with slavery Buchanan now President approved it, and Douglas went after it with vengeance.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Lincoln to Douglas: “How does Popular Sovereignty work simultaneously with the Dred Scott decision?” “A territory’s residents could exclude slavery by not adopting laws to protect it.”

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860