Technology in Architecture Lecture 12 Electrical Equipment Electrical Power Management Fire Protection Systems Lecture 12 Electrical Equipment Electrical Power Management Fire Protection Systems

Electrical Equipment Power Supply M: F p. 1246

Electrical Equipment Switchgear M: F.27.2 p.1247

Electrical Equipment Switchgear Space Requirements M: F p.1209

Electrical Equipment Distribution Networks Cable/Conduit Busduct Busway Underfloor systems Raised floor systems M: F p.1257 M: F.27.9 p.1255 M: F p.1271

Electrical Equipment Safety Considerations National Electrical Code Fuses and Circuit Breakers Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI, GFI) Battery Backup Emergency Generator Armored Cable vs Metal Clad

Electrical Equipment Electrical Closets M: F p.1300

Electrical Equipment Electrical Plans Lighting Power M: F p.1315 M: F p.1316

Fire Protection Systems

Sources of Ignition Chemicals: spontaneous combustion Electrical: resistance, overloaded wiring, lightning Mechanical: sparks and friction

Products of Combustion Fire/Heat Smoke Gases  toxic, displace oxygen carbon monoxide cyanide  foam rubber hydrogen chloride  PVC hydrogen sulfide sulfur dioxide ammonia

Fire & Life Safety Objectives Protection of Life Protection of Property Continuity of Operation Codes specify minimum acceptable level of performance

Protection of Life Evacuation: clear pathways, smoke free, minimum 32” entrance width, 2 hour walls/doors Physical limits 2-way travel on stairs Do not include elevators M: p.1092, T.24.3

Property Protection Access for fire/life safety vehicles Increased reliability of internal systems Estimated time of arrival of fire fighters Adequate water volume and pressure Exposure protection from surrounding context Compartmentation Automatic detection/ suppression systems Structural Protection M: p.1098, F.24.7

Continuity of Operations Fire detection/suppression systems in critical areas Smoke purging systems Waterproof/water containment M: p. 1102, F.24.11

Building System Requirements Enhance Fire/Life Safety High thermal mass Adequate water pressure Overhangs on windows Reduce Fire/Life Safety Open plan Forced air systems Electric lighting only Sunscreens Non-operable windows Insulation Acoustical materials

Smoke Management Strategies Confinement Fire walls Smoke barriers Dilution Pressurized stairwells Exhaust Large atria HVAC Pressurize building Automated Ventilating Hatches

Water Management Strategies Water Management Strategies Water + cools smothers fire removes heat/oxygen -damages contents conducts electricity dilutes oil changes to steam

Water Management Strategies Water Management Strategies Water Sources Standpipes  siamese connection to outside Hose Cabinets  siamese connection or house tank Sprinkler Systems  siamese connection or house tank

Water Management Strategies Water Management Strategies Sprinkler Head Types Semi-Recessed Recessed Pendant Upright Sidewall

Water Management Strategies Water Management Strategies Hazard levels Light Ordinary Extra-hazard M: p. 1112, T.24.8

Water Management Strategies Sprinkler spacing orientation sprinkler type hazard level M: p. 1084, T.24.9

Water Management Strategies Water Management Strategies Sprinkler System Types Wet-pipe Dry-pipe Preaction Deluge

Wet-pipe Systems Wet-pipe Systems Water in pipe Sprinkler activated Sprinklers closed Used in areas with temperature> 40ºF M: p. 1118, F.24.18

Dry-pipe Systems Dry-pipe Systems Compressed air or nitrogen in pipe Sprinkler activated Sprinkler closed Used in unheated areas Valve in heated enclosure M: p. 1123, F.24.23

Preaction System Preaction System Air in pipe Minimal air pressure Separate detectors Sprinklers closed Used in water-damage sensitive areas Delay in filling allows time to find/fight fire M: p. 1124, F.24.24

Deluge System Deluge System Air in pipe Separate detectors Sprinklers open Used where extremely rapid fire spread expected M: p. 1125, F.24.25

Non-Water Suppression Systems Non-Water Suppression Systems Halogenated Gases  now illegal Foams Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Clean Agent Gases Portable Fire Extinguishers

Design Considerations Head location/type Uniform coverage Symmetry Connectivity M: p. 1119, F.24.19