Immune System. Standards: SAP 1 – Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions. SAP 4 – Students will.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Body’s Defenses California Standards 10.a., b. & c.
Advertisements

Biology Ch 40.1 Bodies defenses
They Lymphatic System & Body Defenses
Connect! Did you get a swine flu vaccination? What is a vaccination?
Immunity Review. Explain how wbc’s can protect the body against disease. Wbc’s produce antibodies and memory cells when a pathogen (antigen) enter the.
The Immune System Small Pox A white blood cell eating bacteria.
Animal defense Castle analogy
The Body’s Defense System
Immunology BIT 120 Chapters 11. Immunity Ability of body to defend against infectious agents, foreign cells, abnormal cells Antigen: foreign substance/molecule.
The Integumentary and Immune Systems
Immune system and Cancer
Ch 18 Fighting Diseases.
Immune System BiologyMarch 2014 Ms. Boehm. What is the Immune System? The body’s defense system, which fights off pathogens that cause disease- it keeps.
2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt Structures Disease & Disorder ImmunitySystems.
The Immune System Biology Chapter 41.
Autoimmune Diseases:. The ability of your immune system to distinguish cells and antigens of your body from foreign cells and antigens is crucial to the.
35.4 Immune System Disorders
Ch 47 – The Body’s Defense Systems
Immune System The body’s prime defense against disease – causing pathogens or cancer These have molecules on them that trigger a response of the immune.
The Immune System Chapter 43. Overview Innate vs. Acquired Immunity Innate Immunity: Present from the time of birth Nonspecific External barriers, Mucous.
TOPIC: Immunity AIM: How does the immune system protect the body against disease?
IMMUNE SYSTEM Biology 2201.
Communicable and Non Communicable Disease
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Lines of Defense 1 Your body has many ways to defend itself.
The body’s prime defense against disease – causing pathogens or cancer
The Immune System Sneeze Sneeze. History of Identifying Pathogens Robert Koch ( ): “father of disease” -research focused on anthrax (bacteria).
Chapter 13 Your Body Systems Lesson 6 Your Immune System.
“Fighting the Enemy Within”
Immunity and Disease 2. Cytotoic T Helper T- (stimulate B cell action)
The Body’s Defenses By: Ah Young Byun and Kaja Kasperova.
The Immune System. The Nature of Disease Infectious Diseases: Diseases, such as colds, that are caused by pathogens that have invaded the body. Pathogens.
Go to Section: The Integumentary and Immune Systems.
Disease as a failure of homeostasis Disease Basics.
The Immune System!.
Chapter 43 ~ The Immune System The 3 R’s- Reconnaissance,
The Immune System.
The Immune System. Function responsible for destroying disease-causing agents antigens White blood cells.
The Immune System. Nonspecific vs. specific defenses Nonspecific defenses do not distinguish one infectious microbe from another Nonspecific defenses.
By Isabella de Jesus, Sarah Dillon, and Moriah Becker.
Immune System Chapter 40-2.
3.Immune Response (specific defenses) – Immune system consists of about (special type of white blood cell) distributed throughout the body but clustered.
The Body’s Lines of Defense. Pathogens Pathogens are disease causing organisms. The body has 3 lines of defense. The first 2 lines of defense are non.
Immune System. v=Non4MkYQpYA.
Go to Section: The Immune System. Go to Section: The Immune System The body’s primary defense mechanism May destroy invaders by engulfing them by special.
Immune System. Lines of Defense There are 3 lines of defense in the body. The first 2 are nonspecific (they attack everything); the 3rd is specific (it.
AP Biology “Fighting the Enemy Within” Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell phagocytic leukocyte lymph system.
Go to Section: The Skin and Immune System. Go to Section: 36–3 The Integumentary System The Skin 1.Epidermis 2.Dermis 3.Skin Cancer Section Outline Section.
Immune System Infectious Diseases: Define: –Pathogen-disease causing organisms Ex: bacteria, virus, protozoa, fungi, worms –Infectious disease-diseases.
The Immune System.
Mr. E Murphy. Objectives Defence Systems General Defence System Specific Defence System Lymphocytes.
timeline of disease knowledge -late 17 th century used microscope to see bacteria, mold spores, and yeast - late 1800s started to make connection between.
Allergy, Autoimmunity and cancer. Learning objectives To look at topics associated with immunity and understand the link to allergies and autoimmunity.
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Immune System Disorders Lesson Overview 35.4 Immune System Disorders.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The function of the immune system is to fight infection through the production of cells that fight off foreign substances.
ELAINE N. MARIEB EIGHTH EDITION 12 Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by.
The Immune System. Basic Vocab. ___________- any change that disrupts the normal functions of the body. ___________- any change that disrupts the normal.
Part 2: Immune System Immune system test-May 10 Unit 15: Human Body Systems.
Immune System. Standards: 4d. Examine various conditions that change normal body functions (e.g. tissue rejection, allergies, injury, diseases and disorders)
Immune System and Disease Chapter 35. Nonspecific Defenses  The human body faces against many dangerous enemies  Harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and.
The Body’s Defense System Chapter 14 Lymphatic and Immune System.
AP Biology “Fighting the Enemy Within” Immune System lymphocytes attacking cancer cell phagocytic leukocyte lymph system.
The Immune System. Protects our bodies from pathogens – disease causing agents May be bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi, etc Response could be nonspecific.
Unit 8- THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
The Immune System.
The Immune System.
The Immune System The Immune System
Defense Against Diseases: The Immune Response
Immune System The Germ Theory of Disease
The Integumentary and Immune Systems
Presentation transcript:

Immune System

Standards: SAP 1 – Students will analyze anatomical structures in relationship to their physiological functions. SAP 4 – Students will analyze the physical, chemical, and biological properties of process systems as these relate to transportation, absorption, and excretion, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and immune systems.

Pathogens are disease causing organisms examples: bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists

The body has 3 main lines of defense to prevent invading microbes from getting the upper hand First line of defense Made up of the skin and mucous membranes skin covers the outside of the body

mucous membranes line the body’s internal surfaces (digestive tract, nasal passages, respiratory passages, and reproductive tract) Together, the skin and mucous membranes function to prevent microbes from entering the body

when pathogens penetrate the 1 st line of defense (through cuts or wounds), the 2 nd line of defense comes into play

Second line of defense Made up of: 1. Three types of cells that kill invading microbes a. Macrophages are WBCs that travel through the body to kill invading bacteria by ingesting them

b. Neutrophils are WBCs that release chemicals that kill invading bacteria and themselves in the process

c. Natural killer cells are defense cells that kill any body cell that has become infected with a virus more importantly, natural killer cells are our best defense against cancer

they detect and kill cancer cells before they can form tumors

2. Complement – is a group of proteins that circulate in your bloodstream they function to kill invading bacteria and fungi

3. The inflammatory response is to series of events that functions to suppress infection and speed healing it occurs anytime you have been injured

A series of events occur during an inflammatory response 1. Damage cells release alarm chemical that 2. Attract neutrophils and macrophages to the damaged area which

3. Cause local blood vessels to dilate increasing blood supply to the damaged area This is what causes the four classical symptoms of inflammation (heat, redness, pain, and swelling)

The cardinal signs of inflammation are rubor (redness), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), dolor (pain), and loss of function.

4. Temperature response – activated macrophages (those consuming invading bacteria) send signals to the brain to increase your body temperature above normal (98.6  F / 37  C)

Low grade temperatures (less than 103  F/ 39  C) speed the healing process because they inhibit the growth of bacteria However, high grade temperatures (greater than 105  F/ 41  C) are often fatal because they destroy important enzymes in the body

Third line of defense Made up of your immune system It functions to combat major invasions, and comes into play only when your first 2 lines of defense have failed to kill the invading pathogens

1. Key players in the immune system a. Macrophages – WBCs that initiate the immune response they release an alarm signal that functions to activate Helper T cells

b. Helper T cells – WBCs that function to activate Killer T cells and B cells c. Killer T cells – WBCs that recognize and kill body cells infected with a virus

d. B cells – WBCs that produce antibodies that mark pathogens for destruction by macrophages and natural killer cells some of these activated B cells will become memory cells that remain in your body for a long time – sometimes for life

These memory B cells are programmed to recognize the same pathogen that they encountered earlier in you life If they ever encounter that same pathogen again, they rapidly produce large amounts of antibodies that destroy the pathogen before they have a chance to cause the disease a second time

2. Vaccination – prevent disease by tricking your immune system into thinking your body has been invaded by a particular pathogen

The vaccine you receive usually contains a dead or disabled pathogen which cannot cause disease, but does result in the formation of memory B cells that patrol the body preventing future infections by the same pathogen

Vaccinations exists for many diseases: polio, tetanus, diphtheria, measles, and smallpox

Polio

Tetnus

Diphtheria

Measles

Smallpox

Smallpox vs. Chickenpox

smallpox vaccinations are no longer required because this disease has been eradicated from the earth

Malfunctions and Failures of the Immune System 1. Autoimmune diseases – diseases in which the body attacks its own cells we do not know what triggers the development of these diseases

There are several different types of autoimmune diseases: a. Multiple sclerosis occurs when the immune system attacks and slowly destroys the myelin sheath that surrounds and protects your nerves

As the myelin is destroyed, your nerves lose their ability to conduct impulses This results in progressively worsening paralysis and eventually death there is no cure

b. Systemic lupus erythematosus – occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys your connective tissue, joints, and kidneys Eventually causes death there is no cure

c. Type 1 diabetes – occurs when the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas there is no cure, but can be controlled by taking daily insulin injections

d. Rheumatoid arthritis – occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys cartilage in your joints

As the cartilage is destroyed, bone begins rubbing against bone causing tremendous pain there is no cure

2. Allergies – occur when the immune system mounts a major attack against a normally harmless substance For example, if you are allergic to pollen, your immune system treats the pollen as if it were a pathogen, causing nasal congestion and a runny nose

3. SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) – a rare disease in which a person is born with missing or inactive B cells and T cells This person has no immune system. Thus, they could be killed by a cold virus

The most famous patient with SCID was David, the “bubble boy”, who lived in a sterile plastic bubble for almost all of his life; he died in 1984 at the age of 12

4. AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) – disease caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) Although AIDS was first recognized as a disease in 1981, it has been around since 1959

HIV is transmitted by: 1. Sexual intercourse with an infected person 2. Sharing hypodermic needles with an infected person (IV drug use)

3. Receiving blood transfusions or blood products (factor VIII used by hemophiliacs) from an infected individual HIV is not transmitted through air, on toilet seats, by shaking hands or sharing food or drink

There is no cure. HIV transmission can be prevented by not sharing hypodermic needles and abstinence. Condoms can help prevent HIV transmission, but there is no guarantee

In 1989, it was discovered from tissue samples that a British sailor died of AIDS in 1959 HIV causes death by attacking helper T cells. As a result killer T cells and B cells cannot be activated. Thus, the body is susceptible to infections and cancer

HIV infected individuals are considered to have AIDS when their helper T cell count falls below 200/mL (normal is 800 – 1000/mL)

Diseases that commonly cause death in AIDS patients are: Pneumocystis pneumonia Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer of skin and mucous membranes)