24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 1 The EU farm structure surveys from 2010 onwards Hubert Charlier

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 2 A new Regulation concerning the agricultural census 2010 Under discussion over the past 3 years and still to be adopted by the European Parliament and Council. The main deal is + Increasing the list of items to cope with new needs -Reducing the frequency of the intermediate Farm Structure Surveys -Modular approach -Using administrative sources +/- Sampling (limited)

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 3 The new Regulation is organizing The agricultural census 2010 The SAPM 2010 (Survey on Agricultural Production Methods) The FSS 2013 and 2016 (Farm Structure Sample Surveys)

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 4 Census 2010 A rebalanced list of characteristics To better meet agri-environment, sustainable development and food safety concerns –Information on organic farming, GMOs, energy crops –Equipment for renewable energy –A separate module on production methods To monitor the EU rural development policy –Benefits from rural development measures –Non agricultural gainful activities of the farmers (diversification)

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 5 List of characteristics 1.Location, type of tenure, farming system (EC certified of which organic farming) 2.Land (in particular irrigation, GMOs, energy crops) 3.Livestock 4.Equipment for renewable energy production 5.Labour force 6.Other gainful activities of the holding 7.Support for rural development

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 6 Other innovations Coverage Georeference Use of administrative sources Precision

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 7 Coverage Holdings > 1 ha >=98% of UAA and livestock >=physical thresholds Activities with low prevalence

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 8 Physical thresholds CharacteristicsThreshold Utilised agricultural area5 ha Permanent outdoor crops1 ha Other intensive production - Fresh vegetables - Tobacco - Hops - Cotton 0.5 ha Crops under glass0.1 ha Bovine animals10 Heads Pigs Breeding sows 50 Heads 10 Heads Sheep20 Heads Goats20 Heads Poultry1000 Heads

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 9 Number of holdings per Member State in 2005 Country Total number of holdings (1000) % holdings under physical thresholds Country Total number of holdings (1000) % holdings under physical thresholds EU %LT % BE 5214 %LU 213 % BG %HU % CZ 4247 %MT 1185 % DK 481 %NL 8211 % DE %AT % EE 2842 %PL % IE 1334 %PT % EL %RO % ES %SI 7753 % FR %SK 6888 % IT %FI 717 % CY 4560 %SE 7612 % LV %UK %

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 10 Georeference To overcome the instability of the regional or municipality codes Because data is required for input to GIS so that it can be overlaid with any other spatial data Direct identification problem –If a latitude and longitude location contains only one agricultural holding, then the holding shall be attributed to a neighbouring location, so that at least two holdings are attributed to a given location

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 11 Use of administrative sources Not only allowed ! Promoted –To reduce the burden on farmers –For quality reasons Transmission deadlines extended from 15 to 18 months To be documented

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 12 A module on agricultural production methods linked to the Agricultural Census 2010 Reference period = 2010 Quite ‘new’ characteristics May be a sample survey Separate sub-samples are allowed Micro-data to be combined with census data Data to be provided by

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 13 Survey on agricultural production methods (SAPM) List of characteristics Tillage methods Soil conservation, actions against erosion and nutrient leaching Landscape features Animal grazing Animal housing Nutrients Manure storage and treatment facilities Plant protection Irrigation (volume of water used ?)

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 14 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Tillage methodsConventional tillage (mouldboard plough or disc plough)ha Conservation tillage (low tillage)ha Zero tillage (direct seeding)ha

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 15 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Soil conservation, actions against erosion and nutrient leaching Soil cover in winterNormal winter cropha Cover crop or intermediate cropha Plant residuesha Bare soilha Crop rotationArable area out of planned crop rotation ha Anti-erosion measures for arable land and permanent crops TerracesYes/No Contour farming or herring bone farming Yes/No Permanently vegetated ditches or strips Yes/No Other anti-erosion measuresYes/No

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 16 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Landscape features Linear elements maintained by farmer during the last 3 years, of which: HedgesYes/No Tree linesYes/No StonewallsYes/No Linear elements established during the last 3 years, of which: HedgesYes/No Tree linesYes/No StonewallsYes/No

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 17 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Animal grazingGrazing on the holding Area grazed during the last yearha Amount of time when animals are outdoors on pasture Months per year Amount of time when animals are outdoors on bare soil or hard standing Months per year Common land grazing Total number of animals grazing on common land Heads Amount of time when animals are grazing on common land Months per year

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 18 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Animal housingCattleConventional stable (stanchion-tied stalls)Places On partially slatted floorsPlaces On completely slatted floorsPlaces On straw beds (deep litter-loose housing)Places OtherPlaces PigsOn partially slatted floorsPlaces On completely slatted floorsPlaces On straw beds (deep litter-loose housing)Places OtherPlaces Laying hensOn straw beds (deep litter-loose housing)Places Battery cage (all types)Places Battery cage with manure beltPlaces Battery cage with deep pitPlaces Battery cage with stilt housePlaces OtherPlaces

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 19 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories NutrientsBasis for decision on the use of nutrients Soil tests (carried out at least once during the last 3 years) Yes/No Manure application techniques Application of solid / farmyard manure ha Of which: with immediate incorporation ha Application of slurryTotal areaha Of which: with immediate incorporation or injection ha Percentage of the total produced manure exported from the holding %

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 20 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Manure storage and treatment facilities Storage facilities for Manure application techniques Solid dungYes/No Liquid manureYes/No […] Slurry: tankYes/No Slurry: lagoonYes/No Are the storage facilities covered ? Solid dungYes/No Liquid manureYes / No SlurryYes / No

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 21 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Plant protectionType of plant protection methods applied Physical / mechanicalYes/No BiologicalYes/No Chemical (preventive and curative)Yes/No Area on which the methods of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) are applied Totalha […]

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 22 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Irrigation (1)Irrigated areaAverage irrigated area the last three years ha Total cultivated area irrigated at least once during the previous 12 months Totalha Creals for the production of grain (excluding maize and rice) ha Maize (grain and greenha Riceha Pulsesha Potatoesha Sugar beetha Rape and turnip rapeha Sunflowerha Textile crops (flax, hemp, other textile crops) ha

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 23 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Irrigation (2)Total cultivated area irrigated at least once during the previous 12 months Fresh vegetables, melons, strawberries-open field ha Temporary and permanent grassha Other crops on arable landha Fruit and berry plantationsha Citrus plantationsha Olive plantationsha Vineyardsha

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 24 SAPM list of characteristics Characteristic Units/ Categories Irrigation (3)Irrigation methods employed Surface irrigation (flooding, furrows) Yes/No Sprinkler irrigationYes/No Drop irrigationYes/No Source of irrigation water used on the holding On farm ground waterYes/No On-farm surface water (ponds or dams) Yes/No Off-farm surface water from lakes, rivers or watercourses Yes/No Off-farm water from common water supply networks Yes/No Other sourcesYes/No Volume of water used for irrigation per yearM 3 per year

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 25 Precision categories for FSS 2010 and SAPM Crop characteristics: –Cereals for the production of grain (including seed), comprising common wheat and spelt, durum wheat, rye, barley, oats, grain maize, rice and other cereals for the production of grain; –Potatoes (including early potatoes and seed potatoes) and sugar beet (excluding seeds); –Oilseed crops comprising rape, turnip rape, sunflower, soya, linseed (oil flax) and other oil seed crops; –Permanent outdoor crops comprising fruit, berry, citrus and olive plantations, vineyards, nurseries and other permanent outdoor crops; –Fresh vegetables, melons, strawberries, flowers and ornamental plants (excluding nurseries); –Temporary grass and permanent pasture and meadow

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 26 Precision categories for FSS 2010 and SAPM Livestock characteristics: –Bovine animals (all ages); –Sheep and goats (all ages); –Pigs –Poultry

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 27 Precision table for NUTS 2 regions with at least agricultural holdings Precision categories Farm structure surveys 2013 and 2016 Survey on Agricultural Production Methods Prevalence of the characteristic in the NUTS 2 region Relative Standard error Prevalence of the characteristic in the NUTS 2 region Relative Standard error Crop characteristics of the agricultural holding 7.5% or more of the utilised agricultural area < 5% 10% or more of the utilised agricultural area < 10% Livestock characteristics of the agricultural holding 7.5% or more of the livestock units < 5% 10% or more of the livestock units < 10%

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 28 Precision table applicable when a NUTS 2 region has fewer than agricultural holdings Precision categories Farm structure surveys 2013 and 2016 Survey on Agricultural Production Methods Prevalence of the characteristic in the associated NUTS 1 region with at least 1000 holdings Relative Standard error Prevalence of the characteristic in the associated NUTS 1 region with at least 1000 holdings Relative Standard error Crop characteristics of the agricultural holding 7.5% or more of the utilised agricultural area < 5% 10% or more of the utilised agricultural area < 10% Livestock characteristics of the agricultural holding 7.5% or more of the livestock units < 5% 10% or more of the livestock units < 10%

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 29 In line with FAO recommendations ? Concepts and definitions Reference period Holding’s location Modular approach Items in the core module Items in the supplementary modules

24 October 2007 THE EU FARM STRUCTURE SURVEYS FROM 2010 ONWARDS 30 Thank you for your attention Hubert Charlier