Information Systems: Concepts, Trends, Issues Ch 1-3 Turban, McLean, Wetherbe

Why Study Information Technology? Moore’s Law: Chip capacity doubles every 18 Months.

The Value of Technology l Electric Power Growth Trends

The Value of Technology l IT Growth Trends

Next Generation

Information DATA: facts that are needed to operate a business. INFORMATION: data organized into a form needed by an application. INFORMATION SYSTEM: hardware, software and procedures that maintain data and convert it into usable information.

Information System l An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose. Like any other system, an information system includes inputs (data, instructions) and outputs (reports, calculations). It processes the inputs by using technology such as PCs and produces outputs that are sent to users or to other systems via electronic networks and a feedback mechanism that controls the operation.

Properties of Data l Accuracy l Completeness l Cost l Flexibility l Relevance l Granularity l Timeliness l Verifiability l Value

Basics of the MIS Discipline Technology Computing Telecommunications Development DataProcessNetwork Management OperationsStrategy

Technology Development Management

Technology Development Management

Computer Based Information System l Hardware l Software l Data l Network l Procedures l People Hardware Software People Data Application More than hardware and software

Information System – Primary Purpose l Data »Elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any specific meeting l Information »Data that has been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient l Knowledge »Information that has been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity Collects data, processes it into information then converts information into knowledge for a specific purpose.

Information System - Classification By Support Function Executive Support System Management Information System Decision Support System Intelligent Support Systems Knowledge Management System Office Automation System Transaction Processing System 5-year sales trend Profit Planning 5-year budget forecasting Product development Sales Management Inventory Control Annual budget Production Scheduling Cost Analysis Pricing Analysis Simulation Pgm coding System support Word Processing Desktop Publishing Order Processing Fulfillment Material Movement A/R, A/P, GL Payroll POS

Functions of an Information System Collect Process Store Retrieve Analyze Disseminate = Type I Type II =

Information Architectures Type I Systems Transaction based systems with many low value operations Type II Systems Decision enhancing system with few high value operations

Fundamental Issues l Impacts of Technology l Hardware and Architectures l System Development »Data »Process »Network l Management of Technology l Strategic Evolution

Systems Approach Components that work together for a common goal. l Fundamental components Objects Relationships BoundariesLevels l IPO Model InputProcess Output

Development Approaches l Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) l Prototyping l Purchasing l Outsourcing

Technology Development Management

IS Organization l Steering Committee l IS Management »Security l Operations l Development l Data Administration l Information Architecture l Telecommunications

IS Roles l Manager l Operations l Help Desk/Information Center l Analyst l Programmer l Systems Programmer

Competitive Environment Global Economy New Economics Complex Environment

Competitive Environment Global Economy Increased competition 24 hour operation National and cultural incompatibilities New Economics Complex Environment

Competitive Environment Global Economy New Economics Information revolution Downsizing and flattening Information as an asset Complex Environment

Competitive Environment Global Economy New Economics Complex Environment Business alliances Decreased budgets Constant change

Organization and Management Changes Improvement Programs: Business Process Reengineering Total Quality Management Outsourcing Just in Time Processes Time to Market Reduction Empowerment of Employees & Collaborative Work Customer-Focused Approach Improved Productivity

Trends in Information Technology l Cost-Performance Improvement Moore’s Law l Information Superhighway l Data Warehousing and Data Mining l Networked Computers and Client/Server Architecture l User Friendly Interfaces (GUI, etc.) l Storage and Memories l Multimedia l Object-Oriented Environments l Emerging Technologies l Compactness and Portability

Issues l Avoiding failures l Recognizing IT Opportunities l Placing Ownership of the IT Components

The Internet

Technology Environment