CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT BY SUMERA QURESHI
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES CROP- WHHEN PLANTS OF THE SAME TYPE ARE GROWN ON A PIECE OF LAND. TYPES OF CROPS- KHARIF- GROWN IN RAINY SEASON(JUNE TO SEPTEMBER) EG-PADDY, MAIZE. RABY- GROWN IN WINTER(OCT TO MATCH) EG- WHEAT, PEA, GRAM
AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES 1.PREPARATION OF SOIL. 2.SOWING 3. ADDING MANURE AND FERTILIZER 4. IRRIGATION 5. PROTECTION FROM WEEDS 6. HARVESTING 7. STORAGE
PRPARATION OF SOIL-THE LOOSENING AND TURNING OF SOIL BY PLOUGH
plough
CULTIVATOR
SOWING- SEED DRILLS ARE US ED FOR SOWING HEALTHY SEEDS OF GOOD VARIETY
Traditional seed drill
MANURE WHEN THE DEAD PLANT AND ANIMAL MATTER IS DECOMPOSED TO PROVIDE NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS. IF EARTHWORMS ARE USED FOR MAKING MANURE, IT IS CALLED VERMICOMPOSTING
manure
VERMICOMPOSTING
FERTILISER IF CHEMICALS PREPARED IN FACTORIES ARE USED FOR PROVIDING NUTRIENTS TO THE CROP PLANTS. EG – SUPER PHOSPHATE, UREA, AMMONIUM SULPHATE, NPK( NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
FERTILISER
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FRTILISER AND MANURE MANUREFERTILISER 1.IT IS PREPARED IN FIELD1.IT IS PREPARED IN FACTORY 2.IT IS CHEAP2.IT IS COSTLY 3.IT IS DIFFICULT TO TRANSPORT3.IT IS EASY TO TRANPORT 4.IT PROVIDES HUMUS4.IT DOES NOT PROVIDE HUMUS 5.IT IS A CHEMICAL5.IT IS A NATURAL PRODUCT
ADVANTAGES OF MANURE 1.IT INCRESES WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF SOIL. 2. IT MAKES SOIL POROUS SO THAT GASEOUS EXCHANGE CAN TAKE PLACE. 3. IT INCREASES FRIENDLY MICROBES. 4. IT IMPROVES TEXTURE OF SOIL
IRRIGATION THE TIME TO TIME WATERING OF CROP PLANTS IS CALLED IRRIGATION. SOURCES- TANK, RIVER, POND, LAKE, WELL, DAMS, TUBE WELLS,CANALS
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF IRRIGATION- MOAT
CHAIN PUMP
DHEKLI
MODERN METHODS- SPRINKLER
DRIP IRRIGATION
PROTECTION FROM WEEDS WEED- AN UNWANTED PLANT GROWING WITH THE CROP WHICH COMPETES WITH IT FOR SPACE, SUNLIGHT, NUTRIENTS AND WATER. IT CAN BE REMOVED BY HAND PLCKING,A AKHURPI OR BY CHEMICALS WHICH KILL WEEDS(WEEDICIDE) SUCH AS 2,4-D
WEED
HARVESTING WHEN THE CROP IS MATURE AND READY THEN THE CUTTING IS CALLED HARVESTING THRESHING- WHEN THE GRAIN IS SEPARATED FROM CHAFF USING A COMBINE OR A HARVESTER. WINNOWING- WHEN WIND IS USED FOR SEPARATING SEEDS FROM CHAFF.
HARVESTER
HARVEST FESTIVALS BAISAKHI, HOLI, DIWALI, PONGAL,BIHU
WINNOWING
STORAGE STORAGE OF GRAINS IS DONE EITHER IN GODOWNS OR SILOS WHERE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IS CONTROLLED. GRAIN IS PROTECTED FROM RATS, INSECTS, BIRDS AND MICRO-ORGANISMS.
silos
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY THE DOMESTICATION OR REARING OF ANIMALS FOR THE IR PRODUCTS WHICH INCLUDES REARING, FEEDNG, HEEDING AND BREEDING EG- DAIRYING, POULTRY, FISH CULTURE