Chapter 14, Taxes and Gov’t Spending Examining Fiscal Policy

Taxes Taxes are required payments by individuals and businesses to local, state, and federal gov’ts. Taxes generate the majority of revenue (incoming money) for gov’t. Taxes are used to pay the salaries of gov’t employees, the purchase of public g/s’s, and transfer payments, and pay debts owed by gov’t’s. Taxes are also used to control the highs and lows of the business cycle.

Fair distribution of the tax burden between income levels Proportional tax- a tax for which the % of income paid in taxes remains the same for all income levels. Also called a flat tax. Progressive tax- a tax for which the % of income paid in taxes increases, as income rises. Income tax, corporate tax, Regressive tax- a tax for which the % of income paid in taxes decreases as income goes up. Sales tax, license fees,

Should a tax be based on one’s ability to pay or the benefit one receives? Ability to pay- those with greater income should pay more. (progressive taxes) Benefit received- those who benefit most from a tax should bare the larger burden of the tax. Ex: Gasoline tax, “sin” tax tudies/Economics_13/Macro_KeepingEconom y_FiscalMonetaryPolicy/index.html Section 3 tudies/Economics_13/Macro_KeepingEconom y_FiscalMonetaryPolicy/index.html View Khan Academy and Macro video

Advanced Assignment Read the article at democrats-dont-know-much-about-taxeshttp:// democrats-dont-know-much-about-taxes What does EITC stand for? The article claims that this is not a tax, but a spending measure by the government. How does the article defend this statement? Which political party seems more interested in reducing the EITC? Research EITC. Give a more detailed explanation of what it is. Who is eligible to get it? And offer your opinion on whether it is good or bad. Two paragraphs should be sufficient for this question.

Federal Taxes The 3 main sources of federal revenue are: Individual Income Taxes- 43% Social Security Taxes- 32% (includes S.S. disability, Medicare, Medicaid, as well as funding for the tax payers’ individual S.S. pension) Corporate Income Taxes- 13%

S.S. Taxes basics/federal-budget-101/revenues/

What is Mr. Gary’s projected S.S. benefit?

Federal Gov’t Spending Mandatory Spending- existing laws require the gov’t to fund certain programs, primarily entitlements like social security, Medicare, Medicaid, SSI, food stamps, and veteran’s pensions, and paying the interest on the national debt.

Federal Gov’t Spending Discretionary spending- The Gov’t can choose to fund, or not to fund, or to increase or decrease funding for most programs, Such as: DefenseStudent loans Educationenvironmental cleanup R & DHousing National parkssubsidies Law enforcementtransportation Foreign Aid

Where do public schools get most of their funding? Here are some hints. The nicest schools are in some of the nicest places. Why are you required to do all of this standardized testing?

Assessment Choose two areas you feel the federal gov’t should increase or decrease spending from the list of discretionary spending. Write a paragraph for each defending your position.